Distance measurement system and method using lidar waveform matching

1. A pulse laser ranging system employing a time domain waveform matching technique

comprising a software part and a hardware part;

wherein the hardware part comprises: an optical collimation system, an FPGA, a filter, a photoelectric conversion system, an analog amplifier circuit, a laser transmitter, a signal combination system, an ADC sampling system, and a narrow pulse laser transmitting circuit; and the software part comprises a time domain waveform matching analysis algorithm, a waveform compression algorithm, optical path attenuation estimation or an interpolation algorithm;

wherein the FPGA is configured to transmit a control signal to the narrow pulse laser transmitting circuit;

wherein the narrow pulse laser transmitting circuit is configured to control the laser transmitter to transmit pulse laser in response to the control signal, the laser is transmitted onto an object through the optical collimation system, and is reflected by the object so that an optical echo signal is transmitted to the photoelectric conversion system through the optical collimation system and the filter;

wherein the photoelectric conversion system is configured to convert the optical echo signal into an electric echo signal, the analog amplifier circuit is configured to convert the electric echo signal into a fixed amplitude analog echo signal through the analog amplifier circuit, and send the fixed amplitude analog echo signal to the signal combination system;

wherein, when transmitting a control signal to control the laser transmission, the FPGA is configured to send a time reference pulse to the signal combination system, the signal combination system is configured to integrate the time reference pulse with the fixed amplitude analog echo signal to form an echo signal with a time reference; and

wherein the ADC sampling system is configured to convert the echo signal with a time reference into a digital detection signal and send the digital detection signal to the FPGA to undergo data analysis; and the FPGA is further configured to obtain and output a ranging result obtained through time domain waveform matching analysis.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the software part also comprises a high-speed analog-to-digital converter combination algorithm; the high-speed analog-to-digital converter combination algorithm is used to measure a time interval of the echo signal.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the filter is a narrow-band filter.

4. A pulse laser ranging method employing a time domain waveform matching technique, applied to the system according to any one of claims 1 - 3 , the method comprising the following steps:

step 1, controlling, by a transmitting control part, to charge a transmitting array, wherein the transmission control part is configured as a charging circuit operating in a zero state, which ensures that transmission powers for two transmissions are independent of each other and that any transmission power within a predetermined range can be selected for any transmission;

step 2, transmitting a pulse laser in an optical channel towards an object, receiving diffused pulse laser at an optical receiving part, and performing photoelectric conversion by a photoelectric conversion system;

step 3, amplifying an echo signal by a preamplifier by an N factor, and adding the amplified echo signal to a time reference pulse by a combination system;

step 4, sampling the amplified echo signal by an ADC sampling system, performing simple screening on an amount of data, and preliminarily finding peak values to select a part of the data so as to reduce subsequent computation load, calculating a power value of the amplified echo signal and sending the power value to a transmission control module;

step 5, performing time domain waveform analysis, where the time domain waveform analysis comprises a time domain waveform matching algorithm and optical path attenuation estimation, and obtaining a time resolution finer than 50 ps through interpolation;

step 6, using an expert control system to adjust the transmission power according to an optical path attenuation to compensate the optical path attenuation such that the power value of a next echo signal falls within an expected power range, thereby obtaining an echo signal with an improved signal-to-noise ratio; and

step 7, deriving a reflectivity of the object being ranged according to the transmission power, a ranged distance and an expert system to deduce a gray-scale value.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the method further comprises step 8:

transmitting packaged information including “distance, gray-scale value, polar coordinates, transmission power, echo intensity, and verification” from a rotary component to a host computer via a customized magnetic coupling link.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the value of N is 1000.