Methods for prognosing crohn's disease comprising human defensin 5 (HD5)
The present disclosure provides methods for classifying a cell as abnormal based on HD5 protein detection as well as methods for predicting prognosis of a subject with Crohn's disease based on HD5 protein detection.
1. A method of determining treatment of a subject with Crohn's disease, the method comprising:
a) detecting human defensin 5 (HD5) protein by immunostaining of HD5 in a biological sample obtained from the subject;
b) identifying the number of HD5 positive cells in the biological sample with normal or abnormal HD5 localization and/or distribution, wherein abnormal includes disordered, diminished, diffuse, excluded and enlarged granule morphology;
c) classifying the subject as having
i) a Type II phenotype if <20% of cells have abnormal HD5 localization and/or distribution, or
ii) a Type I phenotype if ≥20% of cells have abnormal HD5 localization and/or distribution and
d) administering 5-aminosalicylate, corticosteroid, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Natalizumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, antibiotics, anti-diarrheals, pain relievers, iron supplements, vitamin B-12 shots, calcium supplement, vitamin D supplement, or surgical procedure to the subject classified as Type II, or administering surgical procedure and one or more of 5-am inosalicylate, corticosteroid, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Natalizumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, antibiotics, anti-diarrheals, pain relievers, iron supplements, vitamin B-12 shots, calcium supplement, and vitamin D supplement to the subject classified as Type I based on the classification of the subject as determined in step c).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a Paneth cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HD5 protein is detected using immunofluorescence.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HD5 protein is detected with an autostainer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a tissue biopsy.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a) disordered is abnormal distribution and size of the HD5 granules;
b) diminished is less than or equal to ten HD5 granules;
c) diffuse is a smear of HD5 within the cytoplasm with no recognizable granules;
d) excluded is the majority of HD5 granules do not contain stainable material; and
e) enlarged is HD5 megagranules.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises detecting a nuclear pore protein in the biological sample.