Enhanced battery management system for battery pack
One or more of the present embodiments provide for a suite of preset and customizable balancing applications that can be configured, selected and implemented to match the requirements a present use case. The suite of preset and customizable balancing applications may be presented to and selected by a user to tailor the balancing system to a particular use case. Alternatively, the balancing system may automatically select a balancing application, such as based on one or more inputs, to tailor the balancing system to the present use case.
1. A method for balancing cell groups, the method comprising:
receiving, by a battery management system via an application programming interface (API), a balancing profile, wherein the battery management system is configured to optimize balancing cell groups by charging, discharging, or charging and discharging cell groups based on the received balancing profile;
controlling, by the battery management system, a plurality of cell group string controllers based on the received balancing profile; and
controlling, by the plurality of cell group string controllers, a plurality of cell group balancing controllers to balance the cell groups,
wherein the balancing profile is received by the battery management system after the balancing profile is selected from a library of multiple available predefined balancing profiles,
wherein the multiple available predefined balancing profiles include two or more of:
a no balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are not minimized;
a basic balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are minimized irrespective of battery state of charge (SOC) values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a balancing dead-band around the average cell group voltage;
a full charge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to maximize the battery SOC values by charging cell groups with lowest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages above a high-charge threshold are discharged;
a full discharge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize the battery SOC values by discharging cell groups with highest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages below a low-charge threshold are charged;
a charge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to increase battery SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a charge dead-band, wherein the voltage charge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the high-charge threshold;
a discharge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to decrease cell group SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of an discharge dead-band, wherein the discharge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the low-charge threshold; and
a high efficiency profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize charging and discharging the cell groups, wherein the cell group voltages are not approaching the high-charge threshold or the low-charge threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the balancing profile is a user selected balancing profile received from an energy management system.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the library of multiple available predefined balancing profiles further includes one or more additional balancing profiles defined to manage voltage differences between cell groups based on use cases for the battery.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the balancing profile comprises a basic balancing profile to balance the cell groups based on dead-band values,
wherein controlling, based on the basic balancing profile, the plurality of balancing controllers comprises:
identifying a subset of the cell groups with voltages outside of the dead-band values;
determining, for the subset of cell groups, a cell group with a highest voltage difference from an average voltage the cell groups; and
charging or discharging the cell group with the highest voltage difference from the average voltage of the cell groups.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the balancing profile comprises a full charge optimizing profile to balance cell group voltages up, wherein only cell groups with voltages above a high-charge threshold are balanced down, and cell groups with voltages below the low charge deadband are balanced up.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the balancing profile comprises a full discharge optimizing profile to balance cell group voltages down, wherein only cell groups with voltages below a low-charge threshold are balanced up, and cell groups with voltages above of the high discharge deadband are balanced down.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the balancing profile comprises a charge profile or a discharge profile to balance cell group voltages up or down to a target voltage by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a dead-band, wherein the dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach a high-charge threshold or a low-voltage threshold.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the balancing profile comprises a high efficiency profile to balance cell group voltages to a target voltage by minimizing charging and discharging the cell groups, wherein the cell group voltages are not approaching a high-charge threshold or a low-charge threshold.
9. A cell group balancing system comprising:
a plurality of cell groups;
a battery management system configured to receive, via an application programming interface (API), a balancing profile, wherein the battery management system is configured to optimize balancing cell groups by charging, discharging, or charging and discharging cell groups based on the received balancing profile; and
an energy management system configured to:
present, via a graphical user interface, a menu of user selectable balancing profiles;
receive, via the graphical user interface, a user selected balancing profile; and
transmit, to the battery management system via the API, the user selected balancing profile,
wherein the menu of user selectable balancing profiles comprises two or more of:
a no balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are not minimized;
a basic balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are minimized irrespective of battery state of charge (SOC) values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a balancing dead-band around the average cell group voltage;
a full charge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to maximize the battery SOC values by charging cell groups with lowest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages above a high-charge threshold are discharged;
a full discharge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize the battery SOC values by discharging cell groups with highest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages below a low-charge threshold are charged;
a charge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to increase battery SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a charge dead-band, wherein the voltage charge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the high-charge threshold;
a discharge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to decrease cell group SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of an discharge dead-band, wherein the discharge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the low-charge threshold; and
a high efficiency profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize charging and discharging the cell groups, wherein the cell group voltages are not approaching the high-charge threshold or the low-charge threshold.
10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of cell group controllers, each cell group controller configured for a different cell group;
a plurality of balancing controllers, each cell group controller operable to control a different subset of the plurality of cell group controllers,
wherein the API is configured to transmit the instructions for balancing the plurality of cell groups to the balancing controllers.
11. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of cell group controllers, each cell group controller configured for a different cell group;
a plurality of balancing controllers, each cell group controller operable to control a different subset of the plurality of cell group controllers;
a plurality of string controllers, each string controller configured to control a different subset of the plurality of balancing controllers,
wherein the API is configured to transmit the instructions for balancing the plurality of cell groups to the plurality of string controllers.
12. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of cell group controllers, each cell group controller configured for a different cell group;
a plurality of balancing controllers, each cell group controller operable to control a different subset of the plurality of cell group controllers; and
a plurality of string controllers, each string controller configured to control a different subset of the plurality of balancing controllers,
wherein the battery management system is configured to control the plurality of string controllers,
wherein the API is configured to transmit instructions for balancing the plurality of cell groups from the battery management system.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the API comprises a Modbus, CANbus, DNP3 or web services interface.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the API is configured to transmit information operable to:
activate the user selected balancing profile;
report current balancing settings; and
report current cell group statuses.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the user selected balancing profile is configured to report a current balancing state.
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the instructions for balancing the plurality of cell groups is further based on a time-of-day, a date and subsets of the plurality of a plurality of cell groups.
17. A method for balancing cell groups, the method comprising:
receiving a balancing profile based on a user selection from a library of balancing profiles, wherein the received balancing profile is configured to optimize balancing cell groups by charging, discharging, or charging and discharging cell groups;
generating balancing instructions based on the balancing profile;
transmitting, via an application programming interface (API), the balancing instructions for balancing the cell groups; and
balancing, via low level cell group control, the cell groups based on the balancing instructions,
wherein the library of balancing profiles comprises two or more of:
a no balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are not minimized;
a basic balancing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are minimized irrespective of battery state of charge (SOC) values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a balancing dead-band around the average cell group voltage;
a full charge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to maximize the battery SOC values by charging cell groups with lowest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages above a high-charge threshold are discharged;
a full discharge optimizing profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize the battery SOC values by discharging cell groups with highest voltages, wherein only cell groups with voltages below a low-charge threshold are charged;
a charge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to increase battery SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of a charge dead-band, wherein the voltage charge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the high-charge threshold;
a discharge profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to decrease cell group SOC values by charging or discharging cell groups with voltages outside of an discharge dead-band, wherein the discharge dead-band decreases as cell group voltages approach the low-charge threshold; and
a high efficiency profile wherein voltage differences between cell groups are managed to minimize charging and discharging the cell groups, wherein the cell group voltages are not approaching the high-charge threshold or the low-charge threshold.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the library of balancing profiles comprises balancing profiles configured for different use cases for the cell groups.