Monofilament-reinforced hollow fiber membrane with scalloped lumen
A hollow fiber membrane is formed by embedding a braid having a spiral open weave of monofilaments only, to avoid a “whiskering” problem. The open weave is characterized by contiguous, circumferential, rhomboid-shaped areas of polymer film separated by monofilaments. When the braid is supported on a plasticized PVA cable having a scalloped periphery, the braid can be infiltrated with membrane polymer which, when coagulated, embeds the braid positioning it around the lumen. The embedded spiral weave, free of any circumferentially constricting monofilament, allows the membrane to be biaxially distensible. The membrane has “give” not only in the axial or longitudinal direction but also in the radial direction. “Give” in the radial direction permits soiled membranes to be backwashed under higher pressure than in a comparable braid which is not radially distensible.
1. A continuous braid support of arbitrary length for a braid for a semipermeable polymer film, the support comprising,
an aqueous-dissolvable cable of poly(vinyl alcohol) (“PVA”) plasticized with a plasticizer in an amount sufficient to yield a homogeneous, solid, flexible extrudate having a cross-section with a scalloped circumference comprising plural interconnected circumferential, outwardly convex segments or lobes, the extrudate having an average diameter in the range from 0.75 mm-2.5 mm, a density±10% of the density of PVA, and sufficient strength to provide an elongated, continuous, solid, unitary support for a braid of monofilaments only, woven on the surface of the extrudate;
braid a surrounding the support comprising, from 6 to 24 separate monofilaments each in the range from 25-250 denier (gm/9000 meters), woven in a spiral open weave to provide contiguous rhomboid areas bounded by monofilaments , the spiral weave being woven at an axially oppositely directed spiral angle in the range from 20°-60° from the longitudinal axis so as to be free of a restricting circumferential filament.
2. The support of claim 1 wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount in the range from 5- 20% by weight and is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO or PEG), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO or PPG), ethylene oxide capped PPO, sorbitol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), pentaerythritol, 1,4-monoanhydrohexitol, 1 ,4-3,6-dianhydrohexitol and copolymers of poly(vinyl acetate).
3. A process for embedding a monofilament, tubular open-weave braid of monofilaments in a membrane polymer, comprising,
weaving an open tubular braid having a recurring rhomboid pattern of synthetic resinous monofilaments in the denier range from 25-250, directly over the surface of and snugly contacting a core cable of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) plasticized with from 5-20 weight percent of plasticizer, the cable having an average diameter in the range from 0.75-2.5 mm, and chosen to provide a lumen having a scalloped cross-section;
coating the tubular braid with a membrane-forming dope in a coating nozzle until the dope infiltrates into an area below the surface of filaments overlying the cable to form the lumen;
pulling the cable and braid together through the coating nozzle;
coagulating the dope to form a semipermeable membrane embedding the braid as a monolayer which, together with polymer surrounding it, defines the lumen of the membrane;
washing in hot water until at least 99% of the plasticized PVA is removed, and, further washing with an aqueous oxidizing agent chosen from sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide and potassium hypochlorite (KOCl) to make an asymmetric membrane which tests for eluted water having a total organic carbon (“TOC”) of<0.5 ppm without damaging the lumen of the membrane formed.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the semipermeable membrane has a wall thickness in the range from 0.2-0.6 mm thick.
5. The process of claim 3 wherein the concentration of NaOCl in the aqueous oxidizing agent is in the range from 0.1-0.5% NaOCl and its temperature is in the range from 20° C.-80° C.