Multi-Stage Process and Device Utilizing Structured Catalyst Beds for Production of a Low Sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil
A multi-stage process for the distributive production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize the one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed.
1 . A process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process comprising: mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions to promote the formation of a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture, wherein said one or more catalysts are in the form of a structured catalyst bed; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture; and separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality of catalyst retention structures, each catalyst retention structure composed of a pair of fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets, wherein the pair of the fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets are aligned such that the corrugations are out of phase and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space within the structured catalyst bed, wherein within the catalyst rich space there is one or more catalyst materials and optionally inert packing materials.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst bed contains one or more catalysts to promote the transformation of the Feedstock mixture to a Process Mixture wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality of catalyst retention structures, each catalyst retention structure composed of a pair of fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets, wherein the pair of the fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets are aligned such that the corrugations are out of phase and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space within the structured catalyst bed, wherein within the catalyst rich space there is one or more catalyst materials and optionally inert packing materials.
4 . The process of claim 1 wherein Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.
5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has: a maximum of kinematic viscosity at 50° C. (ISO 3104) between the range from 180 mm 2 /s to 700 mm 2 /s; a maximum of density at 15° C. (ISO 3675) between the range of 991.0 kg/m 3 to 1010.0 kg/m 3 ; a CCAI in the range of 780 to 870; a flash point (ISO 2719) no lower than 60° C.; a total sediment—aged (ISO 10307-2) of less than 0.10 mass %; a carbon residue—micro method (ISO 10370) less than 20 mass %; and an aluminum plus silicon (ISO 10478) content less than 60 mg/kg.
6 . The process of claim 4 , wherein said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has: a maximum of kinematic viscosity at 50° C. (ISO 3104) between the range from 180 mm 2 /s to 700 mm 2 /s; a maximum of density at 15° C. (ISO 3675) between the range of 991.0 kg/m 3 to 1010.0 kg/m 3 ; a CCAI in the range of 780 to 870; a flash point (ISO 2719) no lower than 60° C.; a total sediment—aged (ISO 10307-2) of less than 0.10 mass %; a carbon residue—micro method (ISO 10370) less than 20 mass %; and an aluminum plus silicon (ISO 10478) content less than 60 mg/kg.
7 . The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst materials comprises: a porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina/boria carrier, a carrier containing metal-containing aluminosilicate, alumina/phosphorus carrier, alumina/alkaline earth metal compound carrier, alumina/titania carrier and alumina/zirconia carrier, and wherein the transition metal catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table; and wherein the Activating Gas is selected from mixtures of nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, gaseous water, and methane, such that Activating Gas has an ideal gas partial pressure of hydrogen (p H2 ) greater than 80% of the total pressure of the Activating Gas mixture (P).
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactive conditions comprise: the ratio of the quantity of the Activating Gas to the quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is in the range of 250 scf gas/bbl of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to 10,000 scf gas/bbl of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; a the total pressure is between of 250 psig and 3000 psig; and, the indicated temperature is between of 500° F. to 900° F., and, wherein the liquid hourly space velocity is between 0.05 oil/hour/m 3 catalyst and 1.0 oil/hour/m 3 catalyst.
9 . A device for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the device comprising: means for mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; means for heating the Feedstock mixture, wherein the means for mixing and means for heating are in fluid communication with each other; a Reaction System in fluid communication with the means for heating, wherein the Reaction System comprises one or more reactor vessels wherein said reactor vessels contains one or more structured catalyst bed containing one or more catalyst materials to promote the transformation of the Feedstock mixture to a Process Mixture; means for receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture, said means for receiving in fluid communication with the reaction System; and means for separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Process Mixture to form a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.
10 . The device of claim 9 , wherein Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.
11 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality of catalyst retention structures, each catalyst retention structure composed of a pair of fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets, wherein the pair of the fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets are aligned such that the corrugations are out of phase and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space within the structured catalyst bed, wherein within the catalyst rich space there is one or more catalyst materials and optionally inert packing materials and wherein the one or more catalyst materials is a porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina/boria carrier, a carrier containing metal-containing aluminosilicate, alumina/phosphorus carrier, alumina/alkaline earth metal compound carrier, alumina/titania carrier and alumina/zirconia carrier, and wherein the transition metal catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table.
12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst lean space contains inert packing materials.
13 . The device of claim 11 , wherein two adjacent catalyst retention structures are aligned in parallel X-Y planes, but the catalyst rich spaces have an angle of radial alignment greater than 0° and less than 180° in the X-Y plane.
14 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the fluid permeable metal sheet is selected from the group consisting of: woven metal wire mesh, perforated metal plate; sintered porous metal plate, and combinations thereof.
15 . The device of claim 9 wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality catalyst retention structures, wherein each catalyst retention structure is composed of a flat fluid permeable metal sheet and a corrugated fluid permeable metal sheet aligned to be co-planar and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space, wherein within the catalyst rich space there is one or more catalyst materials and optionally inert packing materials and wherein the one or more catalyst materials is a porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina/boria carrier, a carrier containing metal-containing aluminosilicate, alumina/phosphorus carrier, alumina/alkaline earth metal compound carrier, alumina/titania carrier and alumina/zirconia carrier, and wherein the transition metal catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table.
16 . The device of claim 15 , wherein the catalyst lean space contains inert packing materials.
17 . The device of claim 15 , wherein two adjacent catalyst retention structures are aligned in parallel X-Y planes, but the catalyst rich spaces have an angle of radial alignment greater than 0° and less than 180° in the X-Y plane.
18 . The device of claim 15 , wherein the fluid permeable metal sheet is selected from the group consisting of: woven metal wire mesh, perforated metal plate; sintered porous metal plate, and combinations thereof.
19 . The device of claim 15 wherein Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.
20 . The device of claim 10 wherein Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.