Substituted benzoxazine and related compounds

1. A compound having a structure of:

wherein:

B 1 and B 2 are CR 2 ;

L is a covalent bond;

X 1 is O, S, or CH 2 ;

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

k is 3;

R 1 is C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, cyano, or nitro;

R 2 is independently hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, cyano, or nitro;

R 3 is independently hydrogen or C 1 to C 6 alkyl; or two R 3 together with the carbon attached thereto form C═O;

R 4 is independently C 1 to C 6 alkyl; or two R 4 together with the carbon attached thereto form C═O;

R 5 is hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, substituted C 1 to C 6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or acyl; and

R 7 is independently hydrogen or C 1 to C 6 alkyl;

or a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X 1 is O.

3. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 7 is H.

4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

5. A method for inducing neuronal autophagy which method comprises contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a neuron, microglia, macrophages, and astrocytes.

6. A method for treating a disease which method comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, high-pressure neurological syndrome, dystonia, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, multi-infarct dementia, cerebral trauma or damage, damage to the spinal cord, AIDS-dementia complex, viral or bacterial meningitis, poliomyelitis, Lyme disease, malaria, cancers with cerebral localization, Tourette's syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, systemic lupus, analgesia, opiate-withdrawal symptoms, feeding behavior, schizophrenia, chronic anxiety, depressive disorders, disorders of the developing or aged brain, alcoholism, nicotine addiction, illicit drug addiction, and type 2 diabetes.

7. A method for treating Huntington's disease, wherein the method comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8. A compound having a structure of:

wherein

B 1 and B 2 are CR 2 ;

L is selected from the group consisting of CR 6 2 , C(O)—(CR 6 2 ) m , C(S)—(CR 6 2 ) m , O—(CR 6 2 ) m , S—(CR 6 2 ) m , SO—(CR 6 2 ) m , SO 2 —(CR 6 2 ) m , and NR 6 —(CR 6 2 ) m ;

X 1 is O, S, or CH 2 ;

the variable p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

the variable k is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

the variable m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, cyano, or nitro;

R 2 is independently hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, cyano, or nitro;

R 3 is independently hydrogen or C 1 to C 6 alkyl; or two R 3 together with the carbon attached thereto form C═O;

R 4 is independently C 1 to C 6 alkyl; or two R 4 together with the carbon attached thereto form C═O;

R 5 is hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, substituted C 1 to C 6 alkyl, or acyl;

each R 6 independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, aminosulfinyl substituted aminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, substituted aminosulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, substituted sulfonyloxy, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, acylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, amidino, substituted amidino, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, acyloxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cyano, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, hydroxyl, acyl, formyl, aminocarbonyl, substituted aminocarbonyl, and substituted aminothiocarbonyl, or two R 6 join together to form a ring selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 heterocycloalkyl, and substituted C 3 -C 7 heterocycloalkyl;

R 7 is independently hydrogen or C 1 to C 6 alkyl;

or a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

9. The compound of claim 8 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X 1 is O.

10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 8 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

11. A method for inducing neuronal autophagy which method comprises contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 8 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a neuron, microglia, macrophages, and astrocytes.

12. A method for treating a disease which method comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 8 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, high-pressure neurological syndrome, dystonia, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, multi-infarct dementia, cerebral trauma or damage, damage to the spinal cord, AIDS-dementia complex, viral or bacterial meningitis, poliomyelitis, Lyme disease, malaria, cancers with cerebral localization, Tourette's syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, systemic lupus, analgesia, opiate-withdrawal symptoms, feeding behavior, schizophrenia, chronic anxiety, depressive disorders, disorders of the developing or aged brain, alcoholism, nicotine addiction, illicit drug addiction, and type 2 diabetes.

13. A method for treating Huntington's disease, wherein the method comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 8 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.