Systems and methods for quantum session authentication

1. A system for session authentication, the system comprising:

decoding circuitry configured to

receive, over a quantum line, a set of qbits generated based on a first set of quantum bases, and

decode, based on a second set of quantum bases, the set of qbits to generate a decoded set of bits that includes one or more error bits;

quantum basis determination circuitry configured to determine the second set of quantum bases using a pseudo-random selection method; and

session authentication circuitry configured to

generate a session key based on the decoded set of bits without discarding all of the one or more error bits.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo-random selection method comprises a frequency calculation procedure, a middle-square method, a Mersenne Twister, an inversive congruential generator, a lagged Fibonacci generator, a linear feedback shift register, or a combination thereof.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein a qbit decoder comprises the decoding circuitry, and wherein a separate session authentication system comprises the quantum basis determination circuitry.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the session authentication system is further configured to not transmit second electronic information indicative of the second set of quantum bases.

5. The system of claim 1 ,

wherein the pseudo-random selection method comprises a first pseudo-random selection method;

wherein the quantum basis determination circuitry is further configured to

determine the first set of quantum bases using a second pseudo-random selection method, and

transmit the first set of quantum bases to an encoding circuitry for generation of the set of qbits; and

wherein the encoding circuitry is configured to

generate the set of qbits based on the first set of quantum bases, and

transmit the set of qbits over the quantum line to the decoding circuitry.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the second pseudo-random selection method comprises a frequency calculation procedure, a middle-square method, a Mersenne Twister, an inversive congruential generator, a lagged Fibonacci generator, a linear feedback shift register, or a combination thereof.

7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the quantum basis determination circuitry is further configured to not transmit second electronic information indicative of the second set of quantum bases.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the session authentication system is further configured to not transmit second electronic information indicative of the second set of quantum bases.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the session authentication circuitry is configured to transmit the session key to a client device for use in session authentication by causing quantum key distribution circuitry to perform a quantum key distribution process that transmits the generated session key to the client device.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the decoding circuitry is configured to decode at least one qbit of the set of qbits using a quantum basis that is different from a quantum basis used to generate the at least one qbit.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the quantum line comprises an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, free space, or a combination thereof.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first set of first quantum bases or the second set of quantum bases comprises a plurality of quantum bases.

13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

random number generation circuitry configured to generate a number based on the decoded set of bits,

wherein the session authentication circuitry is configured to generate the session key by

setting the session key equal to the generated number, or

using the generated number as a seed in a pseudo-random number generation procedure, wherein an output of the pseudo-random number generation procedure comprises the session key.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the decoding circuitry is further configured to:

receive a control signal indicative of an instruction to decode the set of qbits based on the second set of quantum bases; and

in response to receiving the control signal, decode the set of qbits based on the second set of quantum bases.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the decoding circuitry is further configured to not transmit second electronic information indicative of the second set of quantum bases.

16. The system of claim 1 ,

wherein the set of qbits is encoded based on a time-dependent qbit encoding schedule comprising a first plurality of quantum bases respectively corresponding to a first plurality of time periods, and

wherein the decoding circuitry is further configured to decode the set of qbits based on a time-dependent qbit decoding schedule comprising a second plurality of quantum bases respectively corresponding to a second plurality of time periods.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the decoded set of bits comprises at least one wildcard bit, and wherein the session key is generated based at least in part on the at least one wildcard bit.

18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the decoded set of bits comprises at least one error bit, and wherein the session key is generated based at least in part on the at least one error bit.

19. A method for session authentication, the method comprising:

receiving, by decoding circuitry and over a quantum line, a set of qbits generated based on a first set of quantum bases;

determining, by quantum basis determination circuitry, a second set of quantum bases using a pseudo-random selection method;

decoding, by the decoding circuitry and based on the second set of quantum bases, the set of qbits to generate a decoded set of bits that includes one or more error bits; and

generating, by session authentication circuitry, a session key based on the decoded set of bits without discarding all of the one or more error bits.

20. A computer program product for session authentication, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to:

receive, over a quantum line, a set of qbits generated based on a first set of quantum bases;

determine a second set of quantum bases using a pseudo-random selection method;

decode, based on the second set of quantum bases, the set of qbits to generate a decoded set of bits that includes one or more error bits; and

generate a session key based on the decoded set of bits without discarding all of the one or more error bits.