Drum-type magnetic refrigeration apparatus with multiple bed rings
A magnetic refrigeration apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a magnetic-field source and two or more bed rings. The bed rings can be arranged in pairs with shared cold and hot fluid plenums. A flow of heat transfer fluid may pass at least partially radially through the shared fluid plenum or through a connection between the fluid plenum and one or more flow tubes. The MR apparatus and systems of the present disclosure may further include one or more circumferential flux returns with radial through-hole passageways to accommodate flow tubing. For apparatus configurations with an even number of bed rings, the axial dimension of the passageways may be smaller than the circumferential dimension of the passageways.
1. A magnetic refrigeration (MR) apparatus, comprising:
a heat transfer fluid;
one or more hot side heat exchangers (HHEXs);
two or more bed rings that each comprise two or more beds of magnetocaloric material (MCM) arranged along a circumferential direction, wherein a first bed ring of the two or more bed rings and a second bed ring of the two or more bed rings form a ring pair, wherein a first bed of the first bed ring is at the same circumferential position as a second bed of the second bed ring;
one or more pumps or fluid displacement devices configured to move the heat transfer fluid through the one or more HHEXs and the two or more beds;
a magnetic-field source that applies a time-varying magnetic field oriented in a substantially radial direction through a gap containing the two or more bed rings via relative rotation of the magnetic-field source with respect to the two or more bed rings about a central axis, wherein the time-varying magnetic field is shared between at least two of the two or more bed rings; and
a shared fluid conduit engaged with and extending between an axial end of the first bed in the first bed ring and an axial end of the second bed in the second bed ring, the shared fluid conduit defining a shared fluid plenum that fluidly couples the first bed to the second bed.
2. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid passes into or out of the shared fluid conduit in the substantially radial direction.
3. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid passes in the substantially radial direction through a connection between the fluid plenum and one or more flow tubes.
4. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one or more beds at a first circumferential position in the first bed ring experiences flow in a positive axial direction parallel to the central axis and, simultaneously, one or more beds at the first circumferential position in the second bed ring experiences flow in a negative axial direction.
5. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one or more beds at a given circumferential position in the first bed ring experiences flow in a same axial direction as one or more beds at a corresponding circumferential position in the second bed ring, wherein each bed ring comprises a first end that is fluidly connected to one or more HHEXs and a second end that is fluidly connected to one or more cold side heat exchangers (CHEXs), and wherein the first end of a bed ring nearest an axial end of the MR apparatus faces toward the axial end of the MR apparatus and a second end of the bed ring faces toward the remaining bed rings.
6. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a length of the magnetic-field source in a direction parallel to the central axis is greater than a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings in a direction parallel to the central axis.
7. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a length of the magnetic-field source in a direction parallel to the central axis is greater than or equal to 1.5 times a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings in a direction parallel to the central axis.
8. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a length of the magnetic-field source in a direction parallel to the central axis is greater than or equal to 2 times a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings in a direction parallel to the central axis.
9. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic-field source comprises one or more poles, wherein each pole comprises a pole piece, a magnet, and a flux return piece, wherein a length of at least one of the pole piece, the magnet, and the flux return piece, in a direction parallel to the central axis, is greater than a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings in a direction parallel to the central axis.
10. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic-field source comprises one or more poles, wherein each pole comprises a pole piece, a magnet, and a flux return piece, wherein a length of at least one of the pole piece, the magnet, and the flux return piece, parallel to the central axis, is greater than or equal to 1.5 times a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings.
11. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic-field source comprises one or more poles, wherein each pole comprises a pole piece, a magnet, and a flux return piece, wherein a length of at least one of the pole piece, the magnet, and the flux return piece, parallel to the central axis, is greater than or equal to 2 times a length of at least one of the two or more bed rings.
12. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more flow tubes that are connected to the shared fluid plenum.
13. A magnetic refrigeration (MR) apparatus comprising:
a heat transfer fluid;
one or more hot side heat exchangers (HHEXs);
two or more bed rings that each comprise two or more beds of magnetocaloric material (MCM) arranged along a circumferential direction, wherein a first bed ring of the two or more bed rings and a second bed ring of the two or more bed rings form a ring pair;
one or more pumps or fluid displacement devices configured to move the heat transfer fluid through the one or more HHEXs and the two or more beds;
one or more magnetic-field sources that apply a time-varying magnetic field oriented in a substantially radial direction through a gap containing the two or more bed rings via relative rotation of the one or more magnetic-field sources with respect to the two or more bed rings about a central axis, wherein a first magnetic-field source of the one or more magnetic-field sources generates a single magnetic field that is shared between at least two of the two or more bed rings, the single magnetic field forming at least a portion of the time-varying magnetic field; and
a shared fluid conduit engaged with and extending between an axial end of at least one bed in the first bed ring and an axial end of at least one bed in the second bed ring, the shared fluid conduit defining a shared fluid plenum;
one or more circumferential flux returns that are located at an axial position along the central axis that is aligned with an axial position of at least one of the two or more bed rings; and
one or more radial through-hole passageways in at least one of the one or more circumferential flux returns,
wherein a dimension of the through-hole passageways in a direction that is parallel to the central axis is less than a dimension of the through-hole passageways in a substantially circumferential direction.
14. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic-field source comprises two or more permanent magnets, wherein a magnetization vector direction of at least one of the two or more permanent magnets is oriented in an axial direction relative to the central axis of the first magnetic-field source, and wherein the at least one of the two or more permanent magnets is located near an axial end of the magnetic-field source.
15. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more valves that are configured to control the flow of the heat transfer fluid to at least one of the two or more bed rings; and one or more cold side heat exchangers (CHEXs).
16. The MR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the two or more bed rings contain the same amount of MCM and each of the two or more bed rings are the same length in a direction of flow.
17. A method of transferring heat by an MR apparatus, the MR apparatus having a heat transfer fluid, one or more HHEXs, two or more bed rings that each comprise two or more beds of magnetocaloric material MCM arranged along a circumferential direction, one or more pumps or fluid displacement devices configured to move the heat transfer fluid through the one or more HHEXs and at least one of the beds, and a magnetic-field source that applies a time-varying magnetic field oriented in a substantially radial direction through a gap containing the two or more bed rings via relative rotation of the one or more magnetic-field source with respect to the two or more bed rings about a central axis, said method comprising:
passing the time-varying magnetic field that is generated by the magnetic-field source through at least two of the two or more bed rings;
passing the heat transfer fluid through a first bed in a first one of the two or more bed rings; and
passing the heat transfer fluid into a shared fluid conduit that is engaged with and extends between an axial end of at least one bed in the first bed ring and an axial end of at least one bed in the second bed ring, the at least one bed in the first bed ring disposed at the same circumferential position as the at least one bed in the second bed ring, the shared fluid conduit defining a shared fluid plenum that fluidly couples the at least one bed in the first bed ring to the at least one bed in the second bed ring.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising passing the heat transfer fluid into or out of the shared fluid conduit in the substantially radial direction.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising passing the heat transfer fluid in the substantially radial direction through a connection between the fluid plenum and one or more flow tubes; and passing magnetic flux that is provided by the magnetic-field source through the two or more bed rings simultaneously.