Luminescent solar concentrators and related methods of manufacturing
Luminescent solar concentrators in accordance with various embodiments of the invention can be designed to minimize photon thermalization losses and incomplete light trapping using various components and techniques. Cadmium selenide core, cadmium sulfide shell (CdSe/CdS) quantum dot (“QD”) technology can be implemented in such devices to allow for near-unity QDs and sufficiently large Stokes shifts. Many embodiments of the invention include a luminescent solar concentrator that incorporates CdSe/CdS quantum dot luminophores. In further embodiments, anisotropic luminophore emission can be implemented through metasurface/plasmonic antenna coupling. In several embodiments, red-shifted luminophores are implemented. Additionally, top and bottom spectrally-selective filters, such as but not limited to selectively-reflective metasurface mirrors and polymeric stack filters, can be implemented to enhance the photon collection efficiency. In some embodiments, luminescent solar concentrator component is optically connected in tandem with a planar Si subcell, forming a micro-optical tandem luminescent solar concentrator.
1. A luminescent solar concentrator comprising:
a waveguide configured to trap light incident on a first surface via total internal reflection, the waveguide comprising:
embedded luminophores configured to absorb at least a portion of trapped light and emit photoluminesced light; and
at least one embedded planar cell disposed on a second surface opposite the first surface, the at least one embedded planar cell configured to absorb and convert at least a portion of the photoluminesced light to an electric signal;
a subcell configured to absorb and convert the at least the portion of the trapped light and the at least the portion of the photoluminesced light to the electric signal; and
a first selectively-reflective mirror and a second selectively-reflective mirror configured to filter light of specific wavelengths, wherein:
the first selectively-reflective mirror is configured to filter light before such that passed light is incident on the waveguide; and
the second selectively-reflective mirror is disposed between the waveguide and the subcell.
2. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the subcell comprises a silicon subcell.
3. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of glass slides.
4. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 3 , wherein the luminescent solar concentrator is constructed with an air gap between the waveguide and the first selectively-reflective mirror.
5. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 4 , wherein the luminescent solar concentrator is constructed with an air gap between the waveguide and the second selectively-reflective mirror.
6. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first selectively-reflective mirror and the second selectively-reflective mirror comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of a metasurface mirror, a polymeric stack filter, a Bragg grating, and a dielectric stack.
7. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first selectively-reflective mirror and the second selectively-reflective mirror comprises a high contrast grating metasurface mirror.
8. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 7 , wherein the high contrast grating metasurface mirror comprises a hexagonal array of AlSb cylindrical pillars patterned on a glass substrate.
9. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 8 , wherein the hexagonal array of AlSb cylindrical pillars has a pitch of about 475-515 nm and the AlSb cylindrical pillars have thicknesses of about 85-125 nm and radii of about 80-120 nm.
10. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the first selectively-reflective mirror comprises a high contrast grating metasurface mirror and the second selectively-reflective mirror comprises a dielectric stack.
11. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one embedded planar cell comprises a cell selected from the group consisting of an InGaP cell and a GaAs cell.
12. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 11 , wherein the at least one embedded planar cell comprises an array of embedded planar cells.
13. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 11 , wherein the at least one embedded planar cell comprises a bifacial cell.
14. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises a polylaurylmethacrylate.
15. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, and ethylene-vinyl acetate.
16. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the embedded luminophores comprise CdSe/CdS quantum dots.
17. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the embedded luminophores comprise luminophores selected from the group consisting of InP quantum dots, Si quantum dots, and nanorods.
18. The luminescent solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the emitted photoluminesced light is of a longer wavelength than the trapped light absorbed by the embedded luminophores.