Compositions and multiplex assays for characterizing active proteases and their inhibitors
Proteases regulate a wide range of normal cellular functions where dysregulated activity is observed in various diseases. Compositions and methods use protease activity multiplexed bead-based immunoassays to profile protease activity. This platform technology integrates protease activity measurements with total protein quantification techniques. It represents a significant improvement over existing detection techniques by allowing for multiplexed, sensitive active protease measurements in complex biological samples. Exemplary multiplexed detections are realized in a single assay using a minute sample amount (e.g., 5 μl) for active recombinant MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, 9, and 12 and those same MMPs in cell culture supernatant, menstrual fluid effluent, and peritoneal aspirates. This multiplexed platform achieves high level of sensitivities equal to or better than existing leading single-plex detection strategies. It also allows for high throughput screening to identify inhibitors of proteases in complex, donor-derived samples.
1. A reagent set for assaying a plurality of active enzymes in a sample, comprising
(a) a plurality of activity-based probes, wherein each activity-based probe comprises (1) an active site directed affinity ligand comprising a metalloprotease inhibitor moiety, the moiety comprising a hydroxamate group and optionally a photoactivatable benzophenone, (2) a reporter group comprising biotin, (3) a linker between the active site directed affinity ligand and the reporter group, and optionally, (4) a secondary detectable label, and
each activity-based probe selectively binds to the active site of a metalloprotease (MMP) or cathepsin, binding only to an active form of the MMP or cathepsin, not to the zymogen form of the MMP or cathepsin nor to the inhibited form of the MMP or cathepsin; and
(b) a plurality of encoded particle sets, each particle in each set having attached thereto distinct enzyme-identifying molecules, wherein each distinct enzyme-identifying molecule binds a specific type of MMP or cathepsin.
2. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the active site directed affinity ligand is selected from the group consisting of an antibody against the active site of the metalloprotease or cathepsin, a substrate of the metalloprotease or cathepsin, and an inhibitor of the metalloprotease or cathepsin.
3. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the encoded particles of one encoded particle set is distinguishably detectable based on one or more properties selected from the group consisting of optical, chemical, physical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
4. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the active site directed affinity ligand further comprises a group for metal chelation.
5. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the active site directed affinity ligand further comprises one or more peptides for selectively targeting the conserved nucleophiles in the active site of a cathepsin.
6. The reagent set of claim 1 wherein the metalloprotease (MMP) is selected from the group consisting of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, and MMP13.
7. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the distinct enzyme-identifying molecule is selected from the group consisting of antibodies and aptamers.
8. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the distinct enzyme identifying molecules of one encoded particle set is distinguishably detectable from another distinct enzyme identifying molecules of another encoded particle set based on one or more properties selected from the group consisting of optical, chemical, physical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
9. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the distinct enzyme identifying molecules are detectable in a tissue sample.
10. The reagent set of claim 1 wherein the metalloprotease or cathepsin is associated with endometriosis or preeclampsia.
11. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is endometrium.
12. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein following incubation of the sample containing the activity-based probes described in (a) and the plurality of encoded particles with attached distinct enzyme-identifying molecules described in (b), the distinct enzyme-identifying molecules can identify and quantify specific types of active MMP or cathepsin in the sample.
13. The reagent set of claim 1 , wherein the linker between the active site directed affinity ligand and the reporter group is polyethylene glycol (PEG).