ISOLATION OF CYCLOPAMINE
Provided are deglycosylation methods designed to optimize the yield of a Veratrum alkaloid from Veratrum plant material and/or from an extract of Veratrum plant material.
1 . A method of isolating a deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid from Veratrum plant material, comprising the steps of:
(i) providing a Veratrum plant material comprising a glycosylated Veratrum alkaloid selected from cycloposine or veratrosine;
(ii) prior to an extracting step, contacting the Veratrum plant material with an aqueous solution at a pH between 5 and 7.5, the aqueous solution comprising greater than 25% water and at a temperature between 0° to 60° C.; and
(iii) extracting the Veratrum plant material with an organic solvent optionally mixed with water and/or a base, the organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, n-butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, anisole, benzene, toluene, xylenes, hexanes, heptanes, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diethyl ether, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing, to provide an extract comprising the deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid, wherein the deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is cyclopamine or veratramine.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution is buffered.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution is neutral.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution is 100% water.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is cyloposine and the deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is cyclopamine.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is veratrosine and the deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is veratramine.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step comprises contacting the plant material with the aqueous solution for at least 10 minutes.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step comprises contacting the Veratrum plant material with the aqueous solution for at least one hour.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises an aromatic solvent.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is methanol.
11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises a mixture of one or more of the organic solvents and water.
12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein the organic solvent comprises a mixture of methanol and water.
13 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises a mixture of one or more organic solvents and a base.
14 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the base is an aqueous basic solution.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the aqueous basic solution comprises an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sodium tartrate, or lithium hydroxide.
16 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the aqueous basic solution comprises an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
17 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the organic solvent is methanol.
18 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the base is an organic base.
19 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the organic base is selected from triethylamine, diethylisopropyl amine and pyridine.
20 . The method according to claim 19 , wherein the organic solvent is methanol.
21 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Veratrum plant material is Veratrum californicum.
22 . The method of claim 1 wherein the Veratrum plant material is dried.
23 . The method according to claim 22 , wherein the dried Veratrum plant material is in the form of milled particles.
24 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step is accompanied by agitation.
25 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step is conducted at room temperature.
26 . A deglycosylation method comprising contacting a glycosylated Veratrum alkaloid with an enzyme in a buffered solution to provide a deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid.
27 . The method according to claim 26 , wherein the glycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is cycloposine and the deglycosylated Veratrum alkaloid is cyclopamine.