Rapid screening assay for qualitative detection of multiple febrile illnesses
A single-use multiplex, or assay, screening test for the detection of one or more of a plurality of unrelated febrile illnesses is provided. The febrile illnesses for which the test is designed are unrelated, in that the illnesses may be caused, by way of example, by infection from viruses, bacterium and/or parasites; by infection from viruses, bacterium, parasites or other contagions that are animal borne; by infection from viruses, bacterium, parasites, or other contagions that can be aerosolized for transmission; by infection from viruses, bacterium, parasites or other contagions that are transmitted from direct contact; by infection from viruses, bacterium, parasites or other contagions that are generally transmitted in the tropics and/or subtropics; and/or by infection from a virus, bacteria, parasite sharing one or more related feature and which causes a febrile illness. The assay test provides rapid results to a point of care center or other facility requiring such results to facilitate treatment and or containment of the illnesses.
1. A test device for the qualitative detection from a liquid sample of at least one febrile illness from a plurality of pathogenically unrelated febrile illnesses, the test device for use with a solution, the device comprising:
a) a first sorbent material having a first width and a first length substantially longer than said first width, the first sorbent material having a plurality of conjugates having antigens or antibodies with attached visible color markers deposited thereon, and having a first location for receiving the solution and defining a first migration path for the solution and conjugates;
b) a second sorbent material having a second width and a second length substantially longer than said second width, the second sorbent material separate from the first sorbent material and defining a second migration path separate from the first migration path, the second sorbent material having a second location for receiving the liquid sample;
c) a test site located on or in the first sorbent material or on or in the second sorbent material and having a plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms for receiving the liquid sample, each ligand-binding mechanism being capable of binding with a ligand corresponding to one of the pathogenically unrelated febrile illnesses, wherein said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a first mechanism that binds to a viral infection antigen or antibody, and a second mechanism that binds to a bacterial infection antigen or antibody or to a parasitic infection antigen or antibody, said viral infection antigen or antibody and said bacterial or parasitic infection antigen or antibody respectively corresponding to a first febrile illness and a second febrile illness that are prevalent within a geographical proximity, wherein the second sorbent material intersects the first sorbent material at or adjacent the test site, and
wherein time is required for the liquid sample to laterally flow from the second location to the test site such that the liquid sample does not immediately wet the test site upon application; and
d) a single control line spaced from said test site and having anti-conjugate antibodies such that said plurality of conjugates will bind to said anti-conjugate antibodies at said single control line.
2. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
said second mechanism that binds to a bacterial infection antigen or antibody or to a parasitic infection antigen or antibody binds to a bacterial infection antigen or antibody.
3. The test device according to claim 2 , wherein:
said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a third mechanism that binds to a parasitic antigen or antibody.
4. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least two ligand-binding mechanisms of said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms include mechanisms that bind to antigens or antibodies caused by at least two febrile illnesses that are animal borne by different animals.
5. The test device according to claim 4 , wherein:
at least one of the febrile illnesses is borne by at least one of a bat, a rodent, a mosquito, and a flea, and at least another of the febrile illnesses is borne by a different animal.
6. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one ligand-binding mechanism of said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a mechanism that binds to antigens or antibodies caused by a febrile illness that can be transmitted by an aerosolized pathogenic agent.
7. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one ligand-binding mechanism of said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a mechanism that binds to antigens or antibodies caused by a febrile illness that can be transmitted by direct contact.
8. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one ligand-binding mechanism of said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a mechanism that binds to antigens or antibodies caused by a febrile illness that is a tropical and/or subtropical illness.
9. The test device according to claim 3 , wherein:
at least two of said first, second, and third mechanisms bind to antigens or antibodies caused by at least two febrile illnesses that are animal borne by different animals.
10. The test device according to claim 9 , wherein:
at least two of said first, second, and third mechanisms bind to antigens or antibodies caused by at least two different febrile illnesses prevalent in a common geographical region.
11. The test device according to claim 9 , wherein:
said at least two of said first, second, and third mechanisms that bind to antigens or antibodies caused by at least two different febrile illnesses prevalent in a common geographical region include at least one caused by a febrile illness that can be transmitted through air and at least one caused by a febrile illness that can be transmitted by direct contact.
12. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first mechanism that binds to a viral infection antigen or antibody binds to an antigen or antibody resulting from one of an Ebola Virus, Lassa fever virus, Chikungunya virus, Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus, Meningococcal virus, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, and said second mechanism that binds to a bacterial infection antigen or antibody or to a parasitic infection antigen or antibody, binds to an antigen or antibody resulting from one of Malaria (parasite), Plague bacteria, Melioidosis bacteria, Anthrax bacteria, Tularemia bacteria, Leptospirosis bacteria, Rickettsial disease bacteria, Typhoid bacteria, Q-fever bacteria, Meningococcal bacteria, and Pneumococcus bacteria.
13. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first mechanism that binds to a viral infection antigen or antibody binds to an antigen or antibody resulting from one of an Ebola Virus and Dengue virus, and said second mechanism that binds to a bacterial infection antigen or antibody or to a parasitic infection antigen or antibody, binds to an antigen or antibody resulting from one of Malaria (parasite), Plague bacteria, and Melioidosis bacteria.
14. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one of said first mechanism and said second mechanism is capable of binding to bioterrorism pathogens.
15. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a first mechanism that binds to a Malaria antigen or antibody, a second mechanism that binds to a Dengue antigen or antibody, and a third mechanism that binds to an Ebola antigen or antibody.
16. The test device according to claim 1 , wherein:
said plurality of separately located immobilized ligand-binding mechanisms includes a first mechanism that binds to a Malaria antigen or antibody, a second mechanism that binds to a Dengue antigen or antibody, and a third mechanism that binds to a Melioidosis antigen or antibody.