Reduced voltage switching of a main switch in flyback power converters
Reduced voltage switching of a main switch in flyback power converters. At least some example embodiments are methods including: storing energy in a field associated with a secondary winding of a transformer, the secondary winding arranged for flyback operation within a secondary circuit of the power converter; charging a capacitor coupled to an auxiliary winding of the transformer; discharging the energy in the field associated with the secondary winding to provide an output voltage of the power converter; and when the electrical current flowing through the secondary winding reaches a predetermined low level reducing voltage across a main switch in a primary circuit of the power converter by coupling the capacitor to the auxiliary winding to create a voltage on a primary winding of the transformer.
1. A method of operating a power converter, comprising:
storing an energy in a field associated with a secondary winding of a transformer, the secondary winding arranged for flyback operation within a secondary circuit of the power converter;
charging a capacitor coupled to an auxiliary winding of the transformer;
discharging the energy in the field associated with the secondary winding to provide an output voltage of the power converter; and when an electrical current flowing through the secondary winding reaches a predetermined low level
reducing a voltage across a main switch in a primary circuit of the power converter by:
coupling an inductor and the capacitor in series to a first lead of the auxiliary winding to create a voltage on a primary winding of the transformer; and then
de-coupling the inductor and the capacitor from the first lead of the auxiliary winding.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein reducing the voltage across the main switch further comprises resonating a capacitance in the primary circuit with the inductor.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the capacitance further comprises a drain-to-source capacitance of the main switch in the form of a field effect transistor.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein charging the capacitor further comprises making a first auxiliary switch conductive, the first auxiliary switch coupled between the first lead of the auxiliary winding and the capacitor.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising controlling a voltage developed on the capacitor by controlling a duty cycle of a control signal applied to the first auxiliary switch.
6. The method of claim 4 :
wherein coupling the inductor and the capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding further comprises making a second auxiliary switch conductive, the second auxiliary switch is coupled between the auxiliary winding and the capacitor;
wherein de-coupling the inductor and the capacitor from the auxiliary winding further comprises making the second auxiliary switch non-conductive.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein coupling the inductor and the capacitor in series to the first lead further comprises coupling the capacitor to the first lead by making a second auxiliary switch conductive, the second auxiliary switch coupled between the first lead of the auxiliary winding and the capacitor.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the reducing the voltage across the main switch begins when or after the electrical current flowing through the secondary winding reaches zero after discharging the energy in the field.
9. The method of claim 1 :
wherein reducing the voltage across the main switch further comprises reducing the voltage to a range of voltages between 100 milli-Volts (mV) and −100 mV, inclusive; and then further comprising
repeating the storing energy step.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein resonating the capacitor in the primary circuit further comprises lowing a resonant frequency seen across the main switch.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein charging the capacitor further comprises charging the capacitor during the storing the energy in the field associated with the secondary winding.
12. A method of operating a power converter, comprising:
storing an energy in a field associated with a secondary winding of a transformer, the secondary winding arranged for flyback operation within a secondary circuit of the power converter;
charging a capacitor coupled to an auxiliary winding of the transformer by making a first auxiliary switch conductive, the first auxiliary switch coupled between a first lead of the auxiliary winding and the capacitor; and
discharging the energy in the field associated with the secondary winding to provide an output voltage of the power converter; and when an electrical current flowing through the secondary winding reaches a predetermined low level
reducing a voltage across a main switch in a primary circuit of the power converter by making a second auxiliary switch conductive, when conductive the second auxiliary switch couples the capacitor to the auxiliary winding to create a voltage on a primary winding of the transformer.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising controlling a voltage developed on the capacitor by controlling a duty cycle of a control signal applied to the first auxiliary switch.
14. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a primary winding of a transformer, the primary winding defining a first lead and a second lead, the first lead coupled to an input voltage;
a main switch defining a control input, a first connection, a second connection, the first connection coupled to the second lead of the primary winding, and the second connection coupled to ground on the primary circuit;
an auxiliary circuit comprising:
an auxiliary winding of the transformer;
a resonance switch defining a control input, the resonance switch coupled in series with the auxiliary winding;
an inductor coupled in series with the auxiliary winding;
a capacitor coupled in series with the auxiliary winding and the inductor;
a secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary winding of the transformer; and
a secondary switch, the secondary switch and the secondary winding arranged for flyback operation and configured to provide an output voltage of the power converter;
a primary controller comprising:
a main gate terminal coupled to the control input of the main switch;
an auxiliary driver circuit coupled to the control input of the resonance switch;
wherein the primary controller is configured to:
store energy in a field associated with the secondary winding of the transformer by driving an asserted signal to the main gate terminal;
discharge the energy in the field associated with the secondary winding to provide the output voltage of the power converter by driving a non-asserted state to the main gate terminal; and prior to a subsequent assertion of the main gate terminal
reduce voltage across the main switch by the auxiliary driver circuit asserting the control input of the resonance switch.
15. The power converter of claim 14 :
wherein the auxiliary circuit further comprises a charge control switch defining a control input, the charge control switch coupled in series with the resonance switch;
wherein the auxiliary driver circuit is also coupled to the control input of the charge control switch, and the auxiliary driver circuit is configured to control a voltage developed on the capacitor by controlling duty cycle of a gate signal driven to the control input of the charge control switch.
16. The power converter of claim 15 wherein the primary controller further comprises a first switch terminal and a second switch terminal, the resonance switch and the charge control switch coupled directly in series and disposed within the primary controller, the first switch terminal coupled to a drain of the charge control switch, and the second switch terminal coupled to a drain of the resonance switch.
17. The power converter of claim 14 wherein when the primary controller reduces voltage across the main switch, the primary controller is configured to reduce the voltage across the main switch to a range of voltages between 100 milli-Volts (mV) and −100 mV, inclusive.