Piston ring with wear resistant coating
A wear resistant coated piston ring for an engine is provided. The piston ring includes a coating disposed on a ring body. The coating includes initially includes alternating first and second layers, wherein the first layers include trivalent chromium, and the second layers include nickel and phosphorous. The first layers are applied by depositing a trivalent chromium electrolyte, specifically Cr3+ electrolyte. The second layers are applied by electroless deposition. The coating is left in the as-is condition and is not heat treated before being disposed on a piston and then in an engine. The coating is naturally exposed to heat while the engine is running, and this heat causes the chromium, nickel, and phosphorous of the layers to diffuse and form a surface layer on a compound layer. The surface layer includes trivalent chromium, and the compound layer includes a ternary compound of chromium, nickel, and phosphorous.
1. A piston ring, comprising:
a ring body extending circumferentially around a center axis;
a coating disposed on said ring body and presenting an outer diameter surface of said piston ring;
said coating including a plurality of first layers and a plurality of second layers, said second layers spacing said first layers from one another; and
said first layers including trivalent chromium and said second layers including nickel and phosphorous.
2. The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein one of said first layers forms said outer diameter surface of said coating.
3. The piston ring of claim 2 , wherein said coating has a total thickness of 50 to 200 microns, said one first layer forming said outer diameter surface has a thickness greater than the thickness of the other layers of said coating.
4. The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said first layers are formed from a trivalent chromium electrolyte and said second layers are formed by electroless deposition.
5. The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said ring body is formed of an iron-based material.
6. The piston ring of claim 5 , wherein said iron-based material includes steel, steel alloy, cast iron, cast iron alloy, nodular iron, or cast steel.
7. The piston ring of claim 5 , wherein said iron-based material presents an inside surface of said ring body facing opposite said outer diameter surface.
8. The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said ring body extends circumferentially around a center axis, and said ring body includes side surfaces spacing said inner diameter surface from said outer diameter surface.
9. A method of manufacturing a piston ring, comprising the steps of:
providing a ring body extending circumferentially around a center axis; and
applying a coating to the ring body;
the step of applying the coating including applying a plurality of first layers and applying a second layer between each of the first layers, the first layers including trivalent chromium and the second layers including nickel and phosphorous.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of applying the first layers includes depositing a trivalent chromium electrolyte, and the step of applying the second layers includes electroless deposition.
11. The method of claim 9 including disposing the piston ring on a piston, disposing the piston and the piston ring in an engine, and running the engine without heat treating the piston ring before running the engine.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein while the engine is running, the chromium, nickel, and phosphorous of the layers diffuse and form a surface layer on a compound layer, the surface layer including chromium and the compound layer including chromium, nickel, and phosphorous.
13. A piston ring made according to the method of claim 9 ,
wherein said coating is disposed on said ring body and presents an outer diameter surface of said piston ring;
said coating includes a surface layer disposed on a compound layer; and
said surface layer including chromium and said compound layer including chromium, nickel, and phosphorous.