Method of marking hydrocarbon liquids
The invention concerns a method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid comprising the step of adding to said liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula I or Formula II: wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 in Formula I and at least one of R 7 -R 14 in Formula II is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C 4 -C 20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R 1 -R 6 in Formula I to one another or two positions selected from R 7 -R 14 in Formula II to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group and none of R 1 -R 6 in Formula I and none of R 7 -R 14 in Formula II being a sulphonate group or COOR 15 , where R 15 represents H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 alkynyl, C 3 -C 15 cycloalkyl or aryl.
1. A method of identifying a hydrocarbon liquid, comprising:
introducing a tracer compound of Formula I into a hydrocarbon liquid so as to form a marked hydrocarbon liquid,
wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 is selected from a branched, non-halogenated, C 4 -C 20 alkyl group;
and subsequently analysing a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid for the presence of said tracer compound to determine whether said sample is a sample of said marked hydrocarbon liquid,
wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the hydrocarbon liquid after a sample of the hydrocarbon liquid containing from 10 to 15 ppbv of the tracer compound has passed through a column of fresh activated charcoal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 comprises an aliphatic alkyl substituent containing a quaternary-substituted carbon atom.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound has a boiling point within the distillation range of the hydrocarbon liquid or within 10° C. of the boiling point of the hydrocarbon liquid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein more than one tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid in such a quantity as to produce a final concentration in the liquid of less than or equal to 500 ppbv.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 comprises an aliphatic alkyl substituent containing a quaternary-substituted carbon atom.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound has a boiling point within the distillation range of the hydrocarbon liquid or within 10° C. of the boiling point of the hydrocarbon liquid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein more than one tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid in such a quantity as to produce a final concentration in the liquid of less than or equal to 500 ppbv.
10. A method of identifying a hydrocarbon liquid, comprising:
introducing a tracer compound of Formula I into a hydrocarbon liquid so as to form a marked hydrocarbon liquid,
wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 is selected from a branched, non-halogenated, C 4 -C 20 alkyl group,
and subsequently analysing a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid for the presence of said tracer compound to determine whether said sample is a sample of said marked hydrocarbon liquid,
wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the hydrocarbon liquid after a sample of the hydrocarbon liquid containing from 10 to 15 ppbv of the tracer compound has passed through a column of fresh powdered sepiolitic clay.