Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus in which residual potential is suppressed and a ghost image is prevented from being generated in a low-humidity environment in an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: an undercoat layer containing a strontium titanate particle having a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern and a half-value width of the maximum peak of 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less, and a titanium oxide particle; and a photosensitive layer containing a polyvinyl butyral resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising:
a support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order;
the undercoat layer comprising a binder resin, a titanium oxide particle and a strontium titanate particle; and
the photosensitive layer comprising a polyvinyl butyral resin, wherein
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 where θ represents a Bragg angle, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 to 0.50 deg.
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the half-value width is 0.10 to 0.35 deg.
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a total content of the strontium titanate particle and the titanium oxide particle in the undercoat layer is 70% by mass or more based on a content of a metal oxide in the undercoat layer, and
a mass ratio of a content of the titanium oxide particle MTi and a content of the strontium titanate particle MSr in the undercoat layer satisfy 0.25≤MSr/MTi≤9.0.
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the strontium titanate particle contained in the undercoat layer is surface treated with a silane coupling agent.
5. A process cartridge integrally supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit;
the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer in this order;
the process cartridge being detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus main body;
the undercoat layer comprising a binder resin, a titanium oxide particle and a strontium titanate particle; and
the photosensitive layer comprising a polyvinyl butyral resin, wherein
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 where θ represents a Bragg angle, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 to 0.50 deg.
6. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit;
the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer in this order;
the undercoat layer comprising a binder resin, a titanium oxide particle and a strontium titanate particle; and
the photosensitive layer comprising a polyvinyl butyral resin, wherein
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 where θ represents a Bragg angle, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 to 0.50 deg.
7. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the charging unit comprises a charging roller disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member, said charging unit being configured to charge the electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying only direct-current voltage to the charging roller.