Iron-polysaccharide complexes and methods for the preparation thereof
The present invention generally relates to iron-polysaccharide (polydextrose) complexes and methods for the preparation thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to iron-polydextrose complexes and methods for the preparation thereof. The inventive complexes are suitable for use in various compositions, including particulate compositions that may be incorporated in various forms of administration, including tablets, capsules, and intravenous formulations. The complexes and compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in the treatment of iron deficient anemia. Advantageously, in addition to providing iron supplementation the complexes and compositions of the present invention provide certain advantages based on the presence of polydextrose (e.g., its low glycemic index and high fiber content).
1. A method for the preparation of an iron-polysaccharide complex, the method comprising:
introducing into an aqueous medium a source of iron (III) ions and a polysaccharide comprising polydextrose, thereby forming an aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose, wherein the weight ratio of the source of iron (III) ions to polydextrose introduced into the aqueous medium is from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1;
introducing into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose a first source of hydroxide ions and mixing the contents of the reaction medium, thereby forming Fe(III)oxyhydroxide; and
introducing into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III)oxyhydroxide a second source of hydroxide ions and mixing the contents of the reaction medium, thereby forming the iron-polysaccharide complex, wherein:
the temperature of the aqueous reaction medium does not increase more than about 40° C. from addition of the first source of hydroxide ions to completion of the mixing following introduction of the second source of hydroxide ions.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the aqueous reaction medium does not increase more than about 30° C. from addition of the first source of hydroxide ions to completion of the mixing following introduction of the second source of hydroxide ions.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the pH of the aqueous reaction medium during formation of Fe(III)oxyhydroxide is from about 1 to about 6.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the first source of hydroxide ions introduced into the aqueous reaction medium for formation of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide (ferric oxyhydroxide) is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose is agitated during formation of Fe(III)oxyhydroxide.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose during formation of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide is from about 15° C. to about 75° C.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the iron-polysaccharide complex comprises Fe(III)oxyhydroxide bonded or complexed with the polydextrose.
8. The method as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the complex comprises Fe(III) ions bonded or complexed with the polydextrose.
9. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide and the polysaccharide are bonded together by hydrogen bonds and/or covalent bonds in the iron-polysaccharide complex.
10. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the second source of hydroxide ions is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
11. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the second source of hydroxide ions provides a pH of at least about 4.
12. The method as set forth in claim 1 , the method further comprising introducing sorbitol into the aqueous reaction medium.
13. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III)oxyhydroxide during formation of the iron-polyscaccharide complex is from about 50° C. to about 120° C.
14. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous reaction medium has a moisture content of at least about 30 weight % upon completion of formation of the iron-polysaccharide complex.
15. The method as set forth in claim 14 , wherein the method further comprises spray drying the aqueous reaction medium, thereby forming a particulate iron-polydextrose product.
16. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the polydextrose introduced into the aqueous medium is characterized as:
comprising free glucose, sorbitol, citric acid, and/or levoglucosan; or
comprising dextrose, sorbitol, and citric acid or phosphoric acid; or
comprising about 90 parts dextrose, about 10 parts sorbitol, and about 1 part citric acid or about 0.1 part phosphoric acid; wherein the polydextrose
contains no more than about 5 weight % free glucose; and/or
contains no more than about 3 weight % free sorbitol; and/or
contains no more than about 1 weight % free citric acid; and/or
contains no more than about 5 weight % free levoglucosan.
17. A method for the preparation of an iron-polysaccharide complex, the method comprising:
introducing into an aqueous medium a source of iron (III) ions and a polysaccharide comprising polydextrose, thereby forming an aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose, wherein the weight ratio of the source of iron (III) ions to polydextrose introduced into the aqueous medium is from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1;
introducing into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose a first source of hydroxide ions and mixing the contents of the reaction medium, thereby forming Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide; and
introducing into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide a second source of hydroxide ions and mixing the contents of the reaction medium, thereby forming the iron-polysaccharide complex, wherein the temperature of the reaction medium during the second addition of hydroxide ions and mixing is no greater than about 90° C.
18. The method as set forth in claim 17 , wherein the temperature of the reaction medium comprising Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide during the second addition of hydroxide ions and mixing is no greater than about 85° C.
19. A method for the preparation of an iron-polysaccharide complex, the method comprising:
introducing into an aqueous medium a source of iron (III) ions and a polysaccharide comprising polydextrose, thereby forming an aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose, wherein the weight ratio of the source of iron (III) ions to polydextrose introduced into the aqueous medium is from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1;
introducing into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III) ions and polydextrose a source of hydroxide ions, thereby forming Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide and;
adjusting the pH of the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide and introducing sorbitol into the aqueous reaction medium comprising Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide, thereby forming an iron-polysaccharide complex comprising Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide and the polysaccharide.