Pumping mechanism for gas sensors

1. A gas-sensing apparatus with gas convection capability, the apparatus comprising:

a housing filled with air and gas;

a gas sensor entirely enclosed by the housing;

a substrate configured to form a bottom plate of the housing of the apparatus; and

an actuator coupled to the substrate and configured to induce mechanical motions of the substrate in response to an activation signal to generate a convection flow of the air and the gas within the housing,

wherein the actuator is coupled to a surface of the substrate external to the housing, and

wherein the substrate forming the bottom plate of the housing includes a central solid portion bonded via interconnect layers to the gas sensor and a compliant ring portion that allows mechanical motion of the central solid portion.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises one of a piezo-electric actuator or an electromechanical actuator, and wherein the activation signal comprises an electric voltage resulting in the mechanical motions.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises one of a thermal bi-stable actuator or a shape memory alloy, wherein the activation signal comprises an electric current resulting in a resistive heat generation.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a heat insulating block decoupling the gas sensor from the substrate.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a flexible membrane, and wherein the flexible membrane comprises polyimide.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the compliant ring portion is configured to flexibly couple the central solid portion of the flexible membrane to a surrounding solid portion of the substrate.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a springy structure used to flexibly couple the gas sensor to the substrate.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an air-permeable membrane covering a top opening of the housing.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the apparatus is configured to detect clogging of pores of the air-permeable membrane when used to measure gas concentration with and without activation of the actuator.

10. A communication device comprising:

a processor; and

a gas-sensing device with gas convection capability comprising:

a housing filled with air and gas and including a substrate configured to form a bottom plate of the housing;

a gas sensor entirely enclosed by the housing; and

an actuator coupled to an external surface of the substrate and configured to induce mechanical motions of the substrate in response to an activation signal from the processor to generate a convection flow of air including a gas within the housing, wherein the substrate forming the bottom plate of the housing includes a central solid portion bonded via interconnect layers to the gas sensor and a compliant ring portion that allows mechanical motion of the central solid portion.

11. The communication device of claim 10 , wherein the gas sensor comprises a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor disposed on a semiconductor chip that is placed on the substrate.

12. The communication device of claim 10 , wherein the actuator is coupled to a surface of the substrate external to the housing.

13. The communication device of claim 10 , wherein the activation signal comprises an electric voltage, and wherein the actuator comprises one of a piezo-electric actuator or an electromechanical actuator configured to generate mechanical motion induced by the electric voltage.

14. The communication device of claim 10 , wherein the activation signal comprises an electric current, and wherein the actuator comprises one of a thermal hi-stable actuator or a shape memory alloy configured to generate mechanical motion induced by a resistive heat generated by the electric current.

15. The communication device of claim 10 , wherein the substrate comprises a flexible membrane including polyimide, and wherein the gas-sensing device further comprises a heat-insulating block decoupling the gas sensor from the substrate.

16. The communication device of claim 15 , wherein the compliant ring portion is configured to flexibly couple the central solid portion of the flexible membrane to a surrounding solid portion of the substrate, and wherein the gas-sensing device further comprises a springy structure used to flexibly couple the gas sensor to the substrate.

17. The communication device of claim 15 , wherein the gas-sensing device further comprises an air-permeable membrane covering a top opening of the housing, wherein the processor is configured to detect a clogging of pores of the air-permeable membrane, when the gas sensing device is used to measure gas concentration, by turning activation of the actuator on and off.

18. An apparatus for venting a gas sensor, the apparatus comprising:

a housing filled with air and a gas;

a substrate configured to form a bottom plate of the housing;

an actuator coupled to the substrate and configured to induce mechanical motions of the substrate in response to an activation signal; and

a gas sensor entirely enclosed by the housing,

wherein the substrate is made of a central solid portion bonded to the gas sensor via interconnect layers and a compliant ring portion that allows mechanical motion of the central solid portion, and wherein the mechanical motion of the central solid portion is capable of inducing convection flow of the air and the gas within the housing.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the actuator is coupled to a surface of the substrate external to the housing, and wherein the actuator comprises one of a piezo-electric actuator, an electromechanical actuator, a thermal bi-stable actuator or a shape memory alloy.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the activation signal comprises an electric voltage resulting in the mechanical motions of the actuator or an electric current resulting in a resistive heat generation.