Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools
A tastable, moldable, and/or extrudable structure using a metallic primary alloy. One or more additives are added to the metallic primary alloy so that in situ galvanically-active reinforcement particles are formed in the melt or on cooling from the melt. The composite contains an optimal composition and morphology to achieve a specific galvanic corrosion rate in the entire composite. The in situ formed galvanically-active particles can be used to enhance mechanical properties of the composite, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The final casting can also be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final composite over the as-cast material.
1. A method of controlling the dissolution properties of a magnesium composite comprising:
heating a magnesium material above a solidus temperature of magnesium, said magnesium material including magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese;
adding first and second additives to said magnesium material while said magnesium material is above said solidus temperature of magnesium to form a magnesium mixture, said first additive including one or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, lead, antimony, indium, gold, and gallium, said second additive including one or more metals selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium, potassium, sodium, lithium, cesium, yttrium, lanthanum, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, and ytterbium;
dispersing said first and second additives in said magnesium mixture while said magnesium mixture is above said solidus temperature of magnesium; and,
cooling said magnesium mixture to form said magnesium composite, said magnesium composite including in situ precipitation of galvanically-active intermetallic phases, said magnesium composite includes 0.05-10 wt. % aluminum when aluminum is included in said magnesium composite, a combined content of said first and second additives constituting about 0.05-45 wt. % of said magnesium composite; and,
wherein said magnesium composite has a dissolution rate of at least 5 mg/cm 2 -hr. in 3% KCl at 90° C.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium material is heated during said step of heating to a temperature that is less than said melting point temperature of one of said first and/or second additives.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said first additive includes one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, bismuth, silver, and gallium, and said second additive includes one or more metals selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, and barium.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes greater than 50 wt. %.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 , including the step of forming said magnesium composite into a final shape or near net shape by a) sand casting, permanent mold casting, investment casting, shell molding, or pressureless casting technique at a temperature above 730° C., 2) using either pressure addition or elevated pouring temperatures above 710° C., or 3) subjecting said magnesium composite to pressures of 2000-20,000 psi through use of squeeze casting, thixomolding, or pressure die casting techniques.
6. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite has a hardness above 14 Rockwell Harness B.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % nickel.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % copper.
9. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % antimony.
10. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % gallium.
11. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % tin.
12. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % bismuth.
13. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium composite includes about 0.05-35 wt. % calcium.
14. A method of controlling the dissolution properties of a magnesium composite comprising:
heating magnesium material above a solidus temperature of magnesium, said magnesium material including greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese;
adding additive material to said magnesium material while said magnesium material is above said solidus temperature of magnesium to form a magnesium mixture, said additive material including first additive and second additive, said first additive including one or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, bismuth, silver, and gallium, said second additive including one or more metals selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, and barium;
dispersing said additive material in said magnesium mixture while said magnesium mixture is above said solidus temperature of magnesium; and,
cooling said magnesium mixture to form said magnesium composite, said magnesium composite including in situ precipitation of galvanically-active intermetallic phases, said magnesium composite including greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and 0.05-10 wt. % aluminum when aluminum is included in said magnesium composite, said additive material constituting about 0.05-45 wt. % of said magnesium composite, and
wherein said magnesium composite has a dissolution rate of at least 5 mg/cm 2 -hr. in 3% KCl at 90° C.
15. The method as defined in claim 14 , wherein said first additive includes one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, and gallium.
16. The method as defined in claim 14 , wherein said second additive includes calcium.
17. The method as defined in claim 15 , wherein said second additive includes calcium.
18. The method as defined in claim 14 , wherein said magnesium composite includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.
19. The method as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium composite includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.
20. The method as defined in claim 14 , including the step of forming said magnesium composite into a final shape or near net shape by a) sand casting, permanent mold casting, investment casting, shell molding, or pressureless casting technique at a temperature above 730° C., 2) using either pressure addition or elevated pouring temperatures above 710° C., or 3) subjecting said magnesium composite to pressures of 2000-20,000 psi through use of squeeze casting, thixomolding, or pressure die casting techniques.
21. The method as defined in claim 19 , including the step of forming said magnesium composite into a final shape or near net shape by a) sand casting, permanent mold casting, investment casting, shell molding, or pressureless casting technique at a temperature above 730° C., 2) using either pressure addition or elevated pouring temperatures above 710° C., or 3) subjecting said magnesium composite to pressures of 2000-20,000 psi through use of squeeze casting, thixomolding, or pressure die casting techniques.
22. The method as defined in claim 20 , wherein said final shape or near net shape is in the form of a valve, a valve component, a plug, a frac ball, a sleeve, a hydraulic actuating tool, or a mandrel.
23. The method as defined in claim 21 , wherein said final shape or near net shape is in the form of a valve, a valve component, a plug, a frac ball, a sleeve, a hydraulic actuating tool, or a mandrel.