Methods for separating isotopes from a sample of fission products
Systems and methods for efficient, effective, and safe separation and isolation of multiple isotopes (e.g., Mo, Zr, Ba, Sr, Te, and lanthanide isotopes) from fission products includes use of a plurality of chromatography columns, each containing a chromatographic resin formulated to target one or more particular isotopes. The system is operable in a “series” configuration to load the multiple columns by a single pass of the sample. Then, the system may be transitioned (e.g., using valves) to a “parallel” configuration in which multiple columns of the system may be operated simultaneously to elute targeted isotopes. Additional parallel operations of the columns, using different eluent compositions, may be used to elute different targeted isotopes. The system may be reconditioned in preparation for a subsequent sample.
1. A method for separating isotopes from a sample of fission products, the method comprising:
passing the sample of fission products through a series of chromatography columns, each of the chromatography columns comprising a different chromatographic resin; and
without physically repositioning the chromatography columns after the passing of the sample of fission products through the series of chromatography columns:
disconnecting the chromatography columns from the series; and
eluting isotopes from the chromatography columns, comprising concurrently eluting at least one isotope from at least one of the chromatography columns while eluting at least one other isotope from at least one other of the chromatography columns.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing the sample of fission products through a series of chromatography columns comprises passing, in a single pass, a sample of uranium fission products, zirconium clad fission products, plutonium fission products, or thorium fission products through the series of chromatography columns.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, before passing the sample of fission products, connecting the chromatography columns in the series, comprising:
joining a line from a bottom of a first chromatography column of the chromatography columns, through at least one adjustable valve, to a top of a second chromatography column of the chromatography columns; and
joining another line from a bottom of the second chromatography column, through at least another adjustable valve, to a top of a third chromatography column of the chromatography columns.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein disconnecting the chromatography columns from the series comprises:
adjusting the at least one adjustable valve to close the line between the bottom of the first chromatography column of the chromatography columns and the top of the second chromatography column; and
adjusting the at least another adjustable valve to close the another line between the bottom of the second chromatography column and the top of the third chromatography column.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, before passing the sample of fission products through the series of chromatography columns, preconditioning the chromatography columns with at least one preconditioning solution.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein preconditioning the chromatography columns with at least one preconditioning solution comprises passing a preconditioning solution through at least some of the chromatography columns in the series.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein preconditioning the chromatography columns with at least one preconditioning solution further comprises passing another preconditioning solution through at least another chromatography column, the at least another chromatography column not being in communication with the chromatography columns in the series.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the preconditioning solution comprises nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and the another preconditioning solution comprises hydrochloric acid (HCl).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein eluting isotopes from the chromatography columns comprises concurrently eluting at least four different isotopes from at least four of the chromatography columns.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after eluting isotopes from the chromatography columns, eluting additional isotopes from at least some of the chromatography columns.
11. A method for operating a system of chromatography columns, the method comprising:
connecting at least some of the chromatography columns in a series, each of the chromatography columns containing a different chromatographic resin;
passing a fluid sample, comprising fission products, through the chromatography columns in the series;
without physically repositioning the chromatography columns after passing the fluid sample through the chromatography columns in the series, adjusting valves of the system to place the chromatography columns in a parallel configuration; and
passing elution solutions through the chromatography columns in the parallel configuration, comprising:
passing an elution solution, of the elution solutions, through at least one of the chromatography columns; and
passing another elution solution, of the elution solutions, through another of the chromatography columns, the another elution solution having a different composition or concentration than the elution solution passed through the at least one of the chromatography columns.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
passing the elution solution, of the elution solutions, through the at least one of the chromatography columns comprises passing at least one acid solution through at least some of the chromatography columns; and
passing the another elution solution, of the elution solutions, through the another of the chromatography columns, comprises passing at least one other acid solution through at least some others of the chromatography columns.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one acid solution comprises nitric acid and the at least one other acid solution comprises hydrochloric acid.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
while passing the fluid sample, comprising the fission products, through the chromatography columns in the series, collecting fluid exiting a last of the chromatography columns of the series; and
wherein passing the elution solutions through the chromatography columns in the parallel configuration comprises passing the collected fluid through an additional chromatography column not previously in series with the chromatography columns of the series.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising, prior to passing the fluid sample, dissolving an irradiated material within a container while applying heat to prepare the fluid sample.