Methods of using anti-lap antibodies
Provided herein are antibodies which bind to latency-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β1 and are characterized by particular functional features, such as binding specifically to LAP-TGFβ1 on cells but not to LAP-TGFβ1 in extracellular matrix, as well as compositions including the same. Also provided are uses of these antibodies in therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of cancer, and diagnostic applications.
1. A method of selectively inhibiting TGFβ1 activation on immunosuppressive cells in a subject having cancer comprising:
(a) contacting a plurality of anti-LAP antibodies with recombinant:
(i) human LAP-TGFβ1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) in the absence of an anchor protein selected from the group consisting of: GARP and LRRC33;
(ii) human LAP-TGFβ1 complexed with the anchor protein; and
(iii) human LAP-TGFβ1 complexed with LTBP1, LTBP3 and/or LTBP4;
(b) determining TGFβ1 inhibition of (a)(i)-a(ii) by the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively;
(c) determining binding of (a)(iii) by the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies;
(d) selecting an antibody that:
(i) inhibits TGFβ1 in step (b) for (a)(i) and (a)(ii); and
(ii) does not bind (a)(iii) in step (b); and
(e) administering an amount of the antibody selected in (d) to the subject such that TGFβ1 is selectively inactivated on the immunosuppressive cells in the subject,
wherein the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies comprises an antibody that comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, and
wherein step (d) further comprises selecting the antibody that (i) inhibits TGFβ1 in step (b) for (a)(i) and (a)(ii) to an equal or greater degree than the antibody that comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, bladder cancer, uterine/cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, germ cell cancer, bone cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, neoplasm of the central nervous system, lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, sarcoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is associated with an increased number of circulating platelets or an increased platelet to lymphocyte ratio.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering one or more additional therapies.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more additional therapies is selected from radiation therapy, chemotherapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunostimulatory therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, cell therapy, and a therapeutic agent.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-LAG-3 antibody, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, an anti-TIGIT antibody, and an anti-TIM3 antibody.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an anti-cancer agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-inflammatory agent.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising in step (a) contacting the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies with (iv) anchor protein (v) human LAP-TGFβ2 (SEQ ID NO: 4), (vi) human LAP-TGFβ3 (SEQ ID NO: 6), and (vii) free TGFβ1 (SEQ ID NO: 15); further comprising in step (c) determining binding of (a)(iv), (a)(v), (a)(vi), and (a)(vii);
and further comprising in step (d) selecting the antibody that does not bind to (a)(iv), (a)(v), (a)(vi) and (a)(vii), wherein the antibody does not bind to the anchor protein or to an epitope composed of residues of both LAP-TGFβ and the anchor protein.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunosuppressive cells are suppressive T cells, M2 macrophages, cancer cells expressing LAP-TGFβ1, and/or monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunosuppressive cells are GARP-positive immunosuppressive cells.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising in step (a) contacting the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies with (iv) human LAP-TGFβ1 comprising K27C and Y75C mutations (SEQ ID NO: 14); and (v) human LAP-TGFβ1 comprising the Y74T mutation (SEQ ID NO: 13); further comprising in step (c) determining binding of (a)(iv) and (a)(v) with the plurality of anti-LAP antibodies;
and further comprising in step (d) selecting the antibody that binds to (a)(iv) and (iv) does not bind to (a)(v).
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody is a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, or IgM antibody, or variant thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody is a chimeric, humanized, or human antibody.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (a)(i) and (a)(ii) comprises LAP in solution and (a)(iii) comprises LAP in solution complexed with TGFβ1 and LTBP1, LTBP3, or LTBP4.