Crosswind speed measurement by optical measurement of scintillation
The present disclosure describes methods and systems for measuring crosswind speed by optical measurement of laser scintillation. One method includes projecting radiation into a medium, receiving, over time, with a photodetector receiver, a plurality of scintillation patterns of scattered radiation, comparing cumulative a radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns, and measuring a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium using the compared cumulative radiation intensities.
1. A device for optically measuring crosswind, comprising:
a receiver comprising a single-pixel photodiode coupled with optics and adapted to analyze a path of an ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation through an atmosphere between the receiver and a target, the single-pixel photodiode subdivided into a plurality of distinct detecting areas, each detecting area acting as a separate photodetector and spaced apart from other detecting areas at a known particular distance, each detecting area receiving a scintillation pattern created by atmospheric eddies diffracting and refracting the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation, and, for each detecting area, converting the received scintillation pattern into a single data point measuring cumulative light intensity; and
the device adapted to compare cumulative light intensities from each detecting area and to generate a crosswind profile along the path.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the single-pixel photodiode is divided into four detecting areas.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein at least one detecting area is oriented in a substantially perpendicular orientation in relation to the other detecting areas.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the device is adapted to provide multi-axis scintillation pattern movement determinations.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optics further comprise micro optics coupled with diaphragms that selectively permit illumination of different parts of a particular single-pixel photodiode.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the receiver further comprises collection optics used to optically filter or isolate, using at least one of polarization or diffraction techniques, the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation includes one or more of sunlight, a high-intensity flood light, a security light, a flashlight, or a headlight.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation includes a laser.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the generated crosswind profile; and
a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the generated crosswind profile.
10. The device of claim 9 , further comprising the processor configured to initiate transmission of data associated with the ballistic solution to a sighting device.
11. A device for optically measuring a cross-movement profile, comprising:
a receiver comprising a single-pixel photodiode coupled with optics and adapted to analyze a path of an ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation through a medium, the single-pixel photodiode subdivided into a plurality of distinct detecting areas, each detecting area acting as a separate photodetector and spaced apart from other detecting areas at a known particular distance, each detecting area configured to receive, over time and from a substantially common direction, a plurality of snapshots of a moving scintillation pattern created by eddies in the medium due to temperature gradients diffracting and refracting the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation and for each detecting area, converting each received snapshot into a single data point measuring cumulative light intensity; and
the device configured to compare cumulative light intensities from each detecting area and to generate a cross-movement profile within the medium, the generation of the cross-movement profile a function of the particular spacing between, and a size of, each of the plurality of distinct detecting areas.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein the ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation includes one or more of sunlight, a high-intensity flood light, a security light, a flashlight, a headlight, or a laser.
14. The device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the generated cross-movement profile within the medium; and
a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the generated cross-movement profile within the medium.
15. A method for measuring cross-movement for medium-profiling purposes, comprising:
receiving, over time, with a single-pixel photodiode receiver coupled with optics and subdivided into a plurality of distinct detecting areas, a plurality of scintillation patterns, each scintillation pattern created by eddies in a medium diffracting and refracting an ambient or other source of electromagnetic radiation, each detecting area spaced apart from other detecting areas at a known particular distance and acting as a separate photodetector;
for each detecting area, converting a received particular scintillation pattern into a single data point measuring cumulative radiation intensity;
comparing the cumulative radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns; and
calculating a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium along a path between the receiver and a target using the compared cumulative radiation intensities.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
calculating a ballistic solution for a projectile using at least the calculated cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium; and
calculating a weapon aiming offset using the calculated ballistic solution.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
determining that a particular scintillation pattern is moving;
determining a direction-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern; and
determining a speed-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the determination that the particular scintillation pattern is moving is performed by a cross-covariance computation between two or more scintillation patterns.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising providing a multi-axis scintillation pattern movement determination.