Discordance monitoring
Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for cardiac monitoring. In particular, the systems, devices, and methods described herein may be used to conveniently sense the presence of an intermittent arrhythmia in an individual. The systems, devices, and methods described herein may be further configured to sense an electrocardiogram.
1. A method of cardiac monitoring, comprising:
sensing an activity level of a user with a first sensor on a smartwatch worn by the user;
when the activity level is resting, sensing a heart rate parameter of the user with a second sensor on the smartwatch;
determining, by a processing device, that a discordance is present between the activity level value and the heart rate parameter;
based on the presence of the discordance, indicating to the user, using the smartwatch, a possibility of an arrhythmia being present; and
receiving electric signals of the user from an electrocardiogram sensor (“ECG”) on the smartwatch to confirm a presence of the arrhythmia, wherein the ECG sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication of a heart rate variability, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication of a heart rate variability and a heart rate value, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication a heart rate value, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein indicating to the user further comprises: instructing the user to record an ECG using the smartwatch.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the arrhythmia is selected from a group consisting of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heartrate parameter is a PPG signal.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the heart rate parameter is a heartrate variability (“HRV”) value, wherein the HRV value is derived from the PPG signal.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the heart rate parameter is a heartrate, wherein the heartrate is derived from the PPG signal.
10. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
displaying an ECG rhythm strip from the electric signals on the smartwatch.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is located on the smartwatch in a location where the first electrode contacts a first side of the user's body while the user wears the smartwatch, and the second electrode is located on the smartwatch in a location where the user must actively contact the second electrode with a second side of the user's body opposite from the first side.
12. A smartwatch, comprising:
a processor;
a first sensor configured to sense an activity level value of a user, wherein the first sensor is coupled to the processor;
a photoplethysmogram (“PPG”) sensor configured to sense a heart rate parameter of the user when the activity level value is resting, wherein the PPG sensor is coupled to the processor;
an electrocardiogram (“ECG”) sensor configured to sense electrical signals of a heart, wherein the ECG sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, and wherein the ECG sensor is coupled to the processor; and
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoded with a computer program including instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
determine if a discordance is present between the activity level value of the user and the heart rate parameter of the user;
based on the presence of the discordance, indicate to the user a possibility of an arrhythmia being present; and
receive electric signals of the user from the ECG sensor to confirm the presence of the arrhythmia.
13. The smartwatch or wristlet according to claim 12 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication of a heart rate variability, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
14. The smartwatch or wristlet according to claim 12 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication of a heart rate variability and a heart rate value, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
15. The smartwatch or wristlet according to claim 12 , wherein the heart rate parameter comprises an indication of a heart rate value, and wherein the arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation.
16. The smartwatch or wristlet according to claim 12 , wherein indicating to the user further comprises: instructing the user to record an ECG using the ECG sensor.
17. The smartwatch or wristlet according to claim 12 , wherein the arrhythmia is selected from a group consisting of atrial fibrillation, supraentricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia.
18. The smartwatch according to claim 12 , wherein the heart rate parameter is a PPG signal.
19. The smartwatch according to claim 18 , wherein the heart rate parameter is a heartrate variability (“HRV”) value, wherein the HRV value is derived from the PPG signal.
20. The smartwatch according to claim 18 , wherein the heart rate parameter is a heartrate, wherein the heartrate is derived from the PPG signal.
21. The smartwatch according to claim 12 , the processor further to: display an ECG rhythm strip from the electric signals.
22. The smartwatch according to claim 12 , wherein the PPG sensor is located on a back of the smartwatch.
23. The smartwatch according to claim 12 , wherein the first electrode is located on the smartwatch where the first electrode contacts a first side of the user's body while the user wears the smartwatch, and the second electrode is located on the smartwatch where the user must actively contact the second electrode with a second side of the user's body opposite from the first side.