Optical hybrid
An optical circuit capable of operating as a 90° optical hybrid includes a phase-symmetric optical splitter and a 90° optical splitter, and two 2×2 optical couplers as optical combiners. The input ports of the optical combiners and the output ports of the optical splitters face a common area therebetween, with the optical splitters interposed between optical combiners as viewed along the circumference of the common area. The output ports of each optical splitter is connected to closest input ports of the optical combiners with optical waveguides of a same length. The length of the waveguides may be minimized when the optical couplers and the optical splitters are disposed in a cross-like configuration.
1. An optical circuit comprising:
two optical splitters, each comprising an input port and two output ports;
two optical combiners, each comprising two input ports and at least one output port; and,
four optical waveguides separately connecting the output ports of the two optical splitters to the input ports of the two optical combiners in a non-intersecting manner,
wherein the two optical combiners and one of the two optical splitters comprise each a 90° optical coupler, and the other of the two optical splitters is a phase-symmetric optical splitter.
2. The optical circuit of claim 1 , wherein each of the two optical combiners comprises two output ports.
3. The optical circuit of claim 2 , wherein the output ports of the two optical splitters and the input ports of the two optical combiners are disposed so that each of the two input ports of the two optical combiners is positioned next to one of the two output ports of one of the two optical splitters, and is connected thereto by one of the four optical waveguides.
4. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein the two output ports of each of the two optical splitters are positioned equidistantly from closest input ports of the two optical combiners.
5. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein the four optical waveguides separately connect each of the output ports of the two optical splitters to a closest of the input ports of the two optical combiners in the absence of optical phase shifters.
6. The optical circuit of claim 5 , wherein the four optical waveguides comprise:
first and second optical waveguides of equal length, each connecting one of the two output ports of one of the two optical splitters to a closest input port of the two optical combiners, and
third and fourth optical waveguides of equal length, each connecting one of the two output ports of the other of the two optical splitters to a closest input port of the two optical combiners.
7. The optical circuit of claim 6 , wherein the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners are disposed at four corners of a kite-shaped area, with the two output ports of one of the two optical combiners facing the two output ports of one of the two optical combiners across a diagonal thereof.
8. The optical circuit of claim 5 , wherein each of the four optical waveguides are of the same length.
9. The optical circuit of claim 8 , wherein the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners are disposed at four corners of a square, with the input ports of one of the two optical combiners facing the two output ports of the other of the two optical combiners across a diagonal of the square.
10. The optical circuit of claim 3 , forming a 90° optical hybrid.
11. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein one of the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners comprise each a 2×2 optical coupler.
12. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners comprises a directional coupler.
13. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners comprises a 90° MMI coupler.
14. The optical circuit of claim 11 , wherein the other one of the two optical splitters comprises a Y-branching waveguide splitter.
15. The optical circuit of claim 3 , wherein the two optical splitters and the two optical combiners are aligned along two legs of a cross.
16. The optical circuit of claim 8 , wherein each of the four optical waveguides is in the form of a 90° waveguide bend.
17. The optical circuit of claim 1 , wherein the four optical waveguides comprise a silicon core and a dielectric cladding, and wherein each of the four optical waveguides has a bend radius in the range of 2 microns to 10 microns.
18. An optical coherent receiver comprising the optical circuit of claim 10 .
19. An optical coherent receiver comprising two optical circuits of claim 10 connected to outputs of a polarization beam splitter.
20. The optical circuit of claim 1 , wherein the two optical combiners and the two optical splitters are disposed along a closed contour with the output ports of the two optical splitters and the input ports of the two optical combiners facing an interior of said contour, and wherein each of the two optical splitters disposed between the two optical combiners as seen along said contour.