Light splitting device
Configurations for a one by four light splitting device are disclosed. The light splitting device may include a primary waveguide, a first coupling waveguide, and a second coupling waveguide. The primary waveguide may couple light from the primary waveguide into both the first and second coupling waveguides. Due to the manipulation of the coupling modes, a fundamental mode of light may be input and four fundamental modes of light may be output. In some examples, the primary waveguide may input a fundamental mode of light that may be converted into a first hybrid mode, which may be a four lobe mode. The first and second coupling waveguides may be tapered and separated by a gap such that the first hybrid mode may be converted into two second hybrid modes, which may then be converted back into four fundamental modes of output light.
1. A light splitting device, comprising:
a first region configured to provide a fundamental mode of light;
a second region configured to convert the fundamental mode of light to a first hybrid mode of light, the second region comprising:
a primary waveguide with a first side and a second side;
a first coupling waveguide adjacent to the first side of the primary waveguide; and
a second coupling waveguide adjacent to the second side of the primary waveguide; and
a third region configured to convert the first hybrid mode of light to multiple second hybrid modes of light, the third region comprising:
a first Y-junction in the first coupling waveguide and configured to convert one of the multiple second hybrid modes of light to the fundamental mode of light; and
a second Y-junction in the second coupling waveguide and configured to convert another of the multiple second hybrid modes of light to the fundamental mode of light.
2. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein:
the first hybrid mode of light is a four lobe mode of light;
the multiple second hybrid modes of light are each two lobe modes of light;
the primary waveguide terminates near an area that the fundamental mode of light is converted to the first hybrid mode of light.
3. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein:
the fundamental mode of light is inputted on the primary waveguide; and
the first Y-junction and the second Y-junction are configured to output four converted fundamental modes.
4. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second coupling waveguides are wider than the primary waveguide.
5. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second coupling waveguides in the second region are tapered waveguides; and
optical coupling from the primary waveguide to the first and second coupling waveguides depends on at least a taper rate of the first and second coupling waveguides.
6. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second coupling waveguides in the second region decrease in width.
7. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second coupling waveguides in the third region are separated by a gap that increases in width.
8. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein, in the second region, a width of a first gap between the primary waveguide and the first coupling waveguide and a width of a second gap between the primary waveguide and the second coupling waveguide is the same.
9. The light splitting device of claim 1 , wherein:
one of the multiple second hybrid modes of light is a first two lobe mode that propagates in the first coupling waveguide of the third region to the first Y-junction; and
another of the multiple second hybrid modes of light is a second two lobe mode that propagates in the second coupling waveguide of the third region to the second Y-junction.
10. A light splitting device, comprising:
an input region configured to provide light having a fundamental mode;
an interactive region configured to convert the fundamental mode into a first hybrid mode; and
a fanning region configured to:
convert the first hybrid mode into multiple second hybrid modes; and
convert the multiple second hybrid modes into multiple converted fundamental modes.
11. The light splitting device of claim 10 , wherein:
the first hybrid mode has four lobes;
the multiple second hybrid modes each have two lobes;
the light splitting device further comprises:
a silicon slab;
a primary waveguide disposed on the silicon slab;
a first coupling waveguide disposed on the silicon slab;
a second coupling waveguide disposed on the silicon slab;
the first and second coupling waveguides are rib waveguides in the interactive region; and
the first and second coupling waveguides convert to strip waveguides in the fanning region.
12. The light splitting device of claim 10 , wherein:
the fanning region comprises:
a first coupling waveguide with a first Y-junction;
a second coupling waveguide with a second Y-junction; and
the first hybrid mode has four lobes to reduce optical loss near at least one or both of the first or second Y-junction.
13. The light splitting device of claim 10 , further comprising:
a silicon slab;
a first rib waveguide disposed on the silicon slab in the fanning region;
a second rib waveguide disposed on the silicon slab in the fanning region, wherein:
the first rib waveguide and the second rib waveguide are separated from one another by a gap that increases in width along the fanning region; and
the gap comprises a low-index cladding region.
14. The light splitting device of claim 10 , wherein:
the light splitting device further comprises:
a first rib waveguide that transitions to a first strip waveguide in the fanning region;
a second rib waveguide that transitions to a second strip waveguide in the fanning region, thereby decoupling the first and second strip waveguides from one another.
15. The light splitting device of claim 10 , wherein the fanning region converts the multiple second hybrid modes into the fundamental mode, thereby outputting four fundamental modes with equal optical power.
16. The light splitting device of claim 10 , wherein:
the light splitting device further comprises:
a first rib waveguide that transitions to a first strip waveguide in the fanning region;
a second rib waveguide that transitions to a second strip waveguide in the fanning region; and
the first rib waveguide completes transitioning to the first strip waveguide and the second rib waveguide completes transitioning to the second strip waveguide before the first hybrid mode converts to a second hybrid mode.
17. A method for splitting light, comprising:
inputting light having a fundamental mode of light using a primary waveguide in a first region;
converting the fundamental mode of light into a first hybrid mode of light in a second region by coupling the fundamental mode of light from the primary waveguide to a first coupling waveguide and a second coupling waveguide;
converting the first hybrid mode of light into multiple second hybrid modes of light in a third region, wherein the first coupling waveguide and the second coupling waveguide are separated by a gap; and
converting the multiple second hybrid modes of light back into multiple fundamental modes of light to output on multiple waveguide channels in the third region.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
the first coupling waveguide is a first rib waveguide in the second region;
the second coupling waveguide is a second rib waveguide in the second region; and
the method further comprising:
converting the first hybrid mode to a second hybrid mode of the multiple second hybrid modes after the first rib waveguide transitions to a first strip waveguide in the third region and after the second rib waveguide transitions to a second strip waveguide in the third region.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
the first hybrid mode of light has four lobes with a non-zero center equally separating the four lobes; and
each of the multiple second hybrid modes of light have two lobes and a null at a center between the two lobes.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
de-coupling one second hybrid mode of light from another second hybrid mode of light, wherein the de-coupling depends at least in part on an increased index of refraction contrast between the first coupling waveguide and the second coupling waveguide in the third region.