Photoresist composition and method of forming photoresist pattern

1. A method of forming a photoresist pattern, comprising:

forming a protective layer over a photoresist layer formed on a substrate,

wherein material forming the protective layer is mixed with photoresist material to form a mixture, the mixture is disposed over the substrate, and the material forming the protective layer separates from the mixture and forms the protective layer over the photoresist layer;

selectively exposing the protective layer and the photoresist layer to actinic radiation;

developing the protective layer and the photoresist layer to form a pattern in the protective layer and the photoresist layer; and

removing the protective layer,

wherein the protective layer comprises a polymer having pendant fluorocarbon groups and pendant acid leaving groups.

2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising rotating the substrate with the mixture disposed thereon, wherein the protective layer separates from the mixture during the rotating.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the photoresist layer includes metal oxide nanoparticles.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the actinic radiation is extreme ultraviolet radiation.

5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising heating the photoresist layer and protective layer after selectively exposing the protective layer and the photoresist layer.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contact angle of the protective layer to water is greater than 75°.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups includes from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more polar functional groups selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH 3 , —NH 2 , and —SO 3 based on the total weight of the polymer.

9. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:

supplying a photoresist composition to a substrate surface to form a photoresist layer over the substrate;

forming a protective layer over the photoresist layer;

patternwise exposing the protective layer and the photoresist layer to extreme ultraviolet radiation to form a latent pattern in the protective layer and the photoresist layer;

heating the protective layer and the photoresist layer after the patternwise exposing;

developing the protective layer and the photoresist layer,

wherein the photoresist layer comprises a metal oxide,

wherein the protective layer comprises a polymer having pendant fluorocarbon groups and pendant acid leaving groups, and

wherein the supplying a photoresist composition to the substrate surface, comprises:

mixing the polymer having pendant fluorocarbon groups and the pendant acid leaving groups with the photoresist composition to form a mixture; and

supplying the mixture to the substrate surface,

wherein the protective layer separates from the mixture and forms the protective layer over the photoresist layer.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the protective layer is formed by spinning the substrate with the mixture disposed thereon, thereby causing the polymer having pendant fluorocarbon groups and pendant acid leaving groups to separate from the mixture.

11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups includes from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more polar functional groups selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH 3 , —NH 2 , and —SO 3 based on the total weight of the polymer.

12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the contact angle of the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups to water is greater than 75°.

13. A method of forming a photoresist pattern, comprising:

forming a layer of a photoresist composition including a polymer having pendant fluorocarbon groups and pendant acid leaving groups over a substrate,

rotating the substrate with the layer of the photoresist composition disposed thereon to separate the layer of the photoresist composition into a photoresist layer and a layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups disposed over the photoresist layer;

patternwise exposing the photoresist layer to actinic radiation; and

developing the photoresist layer to form a pattern in the photoresist layer.

14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the photoresist composition includes metal oxide nanoparticles.

15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the actinic radiation is extreme ultraviolet radiation.

16. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising heating the photoresist layer and the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups after selectively exposing the photoresist layer.

17. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups has a thickness ranging from 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

18. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the contact angle of the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups to water is greater than 75°.

19. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups includes from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more polar functional groups selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH 3 , —NH 2 , and —SO 3 based on the total weight of the polymer.

20. The method according to claim 13 , wherein a main chain of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups and pendant acid leaving groups is a polyhydroxystyrene, a polyacrylate, or a polymer formed from a 1 to 10 carbon monomer.