Methods for evaluating effectiveness of resuscitation efforts during a cardiac crisis
Described are a device and method for detecting cerebral perfusion in a subject's head during a cardiac crisis. Embodiments of the device include a neurological status evaluation apparatus having a signal generator configured to generate an electromagnetic signal at one or more frequencies, a transmitting antenna coupled to the signal generator and configured to transmit the electromagnetic signal, and a receiving antenna positioned proximate to the transmitting antenna such that an evaluation space is defined between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. In embodiments, the subject's head does not contact the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna receives a modulated electromagnetic signal after propagating through the subject's head. The neurological status evaluation apparatus further includes a signal analyzer coupled to the receiving antenna, wherein the signal analyzer receives and samples the modulated electromagnetic signal. A computing device is coupled to the signal analyzer, calculates an evaluation, and provides a neurological status indicator of the subject's head based on the evaluation parameter.
1. A neurologic status evaluation system for use in detecting cerebral perfusion in a subject's head during a cardiac crisis, comprising:
a signal generator configured to generate an electromagnetic signal at one or more frequencies;
a transmitting antenna configured to transmit the electromagnetic signal;
a receiving antenna positioned relative to the transmitting antenna such that an evaluation space is defined between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, wherein the evaluation space is configured to receive the subject's head; and
a computing device configured to:
analyze a modulated electromagnetic signal V(t) generated by the receiving antenna after the transmitted electromagnetic signal has propagated through the head,
calculate, based on the modulated electromagnetic signal V(t), an evaluation parameter Δ(t) indicative of electromagnetic absorption, modulation and scattering in the head, wherein:
Δ( t )= F[V ( t )],
F is a function whose value is dependent on the parameters in brackets, and
V(t) is a voltage at time t measured at the receiving antenna when the transmitting antenna is transmitting, and
generate a neurologic status indicator of a head under evaluation based on the evaluation parameter Δ(t).
2. The neurologic status evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the computing device is further configured to:
calculate the evaluation parameter Δ(t) based on the electrical properties included in the head, wherein the modulated electromagnetic signal is altered based on the electrical properties included in the brain based on the sufficiency of resuscitation efforts on the patient.
3. The neurologic status evaluation system of claim 2 , wherein the computing device is further configured to:
calculate the evaluation parameter Δ(t) based on the conductivity and dielectric constant of the biological tissue under evaluation, wherein the modulated electromagnetic signal as compared to the transmitted electromagnetic signal is altered based on the conductivity and dielectric constant of the brain.
4. The neurologic status evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the evaluation parameter Δ(t) is calculated by:
Δ( t )= F [ V 12 ( t ), V 13 ( t ), . . . , V ij ( t )]
the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are part of an array of antennae including a plurality of transmitting and receiving antenna pairs each including a transmitting antenna i and a receiving antenna j,
V ij (t) is the voltage at time t measured at the receiving antenna j when the transmitting antenna i is transmitting.
5. The neurological status evaluation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the biological tissue under evaluation that is included in the evaluation space is not in contact with the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna.
6. A method of detecting the sufficiency of a resuscitation effort of a patient experiencing a cardiac crisis utilizing the apparatus of claim 1 .
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cardiac crisis is cardiac arrest.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the resuscitation effort is cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
9. A method of predicting the outcome of a patient experiencing a cardiac crisis utilizing the apparatus of claim 1 .
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cardiac crisis is cardiac arrest.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the resuscitation effort is cardiopulmonary resuscitation.