Heat treatments for high temperature cast aluminum alloys
Disclosed herein are embodiments of an aging heat treatment that can be used to replace conventional aging steps when making alloy embodiments of the present disclosure. Embodiments of the disclosed aging heat treatment reduce cost and complexity in producing aluminum alloy-based components while also promoting and/or improving microstructure stability of the aluminum alloys.
1. A method, comprising exposing an aluminum alloy comprising >7 wt % to 25 wt % copper, 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium, 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt % manganese, less than 0.1 wt % silicon, and aluminum to an incremental aging treatment wherein the aluminum alloy is aged by exposing the aluminum alloy to a heated environment, wherein the temperature of the heated environment is (i) increased from a first temperature to a second temperature; (ii) held at the second temperature for a first hold time; (iii) increased from the second temperature to a third temperature higher than the first temperature and the second temperature, and (iv) held for a second hold time before a subsequent incremental temperature increase to a temperature higher than the third temperature, wherein the second hold time is shorter than the first hold time and wherein a hold time between any subsequent incremental temperature increase decreases each time the temperature of the heated environment is increased.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to the incremental aging, solution treating the aluminum alloy at a temperature ranging from 525° C. to 550° C.; adding a grain refiner comprising titanium to the aluminum alloy to provide a mixture and pouring the mixture into a pre-heated mold within 5 minutes of adding the grain refiner;
before or after the incremental aging, further exposing the alloy to a short term aging treatment wherein the aluminum alloy is aged at a temperature ranging from 290° C. to 375° C. for a time period of less than 60 minutes or less; and/or
exposing the alloy to a multi-temperature aging treatment wherein the entire aluminum alloy is exposed to a first temperature ranging from 150° C. and 200° C. except for a selected portion of the alloy which is locally exposed simultaneously to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature ranges from 150° C. to 230° C. and the temperature of the heated environment is incrementally increased to a final temperature ranging from 250° C. to 400° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature ranges from 150° C. to 200° C. and the second temperature ranges from 250° C. to 350° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises >8 wt % to 25 wt % copper; 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium; 0.05 wt % to 1 wt % manganese; ≤0.1 wt % silicon; and aluminum.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises 0 wt % to less than 0.05 wt % titanium.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises strengthening precipitates having an aspect ratio ≥20.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third temperature is increased to a fourth temperature that is higher than the third temperature and is held for a third hold time that is shorter than the first hold time and the second hold time.
9. A method, comprising exposing an aluminum alloy comprising >7 wt % to 25 wt % copper, 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium, 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt % manganese, less than 0.1 wt % silicon, and aluminum to an incremental aging treatment wherein the aluminum alloy is aged by exposing the aluminum alloy to a heated environment, wherein the temperature of the heated environment is incrementally increased from a first temperature by 10° C. to 30° C. to a resulting increased second temperature and held at the increased second temperature for a hold time before increasing the temperature of the heated environment to a third temperature that is higher than the first temperature and the second temperature and holding at the increased third temperature for a hold time, and wherein at least one subsequent temperature increase is followed by a subsequent hold time, wherein the time period of each subsequent hold time decreases relative to each prior hold time.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
prior to the incremental aging, solution treating the aluminum alloy at a temperature ranging from 525° C. to 550° C.; adding a grain refiner comprising titanium to the aluminum alloy to provide a mixture and pouring the mixture into a pre-heated mold within 5 minutes of adding the grain refiner;
before or after the incremental aging, exposing the alloy to a short term aging treatment wherein the aluminum alloy is aged at a temperature ranging from 290° C. to 375° C. for a time period of less than 60 minutes or less; and/or
exposing the alloy to a multi-temperature aging treatment wherein the entire aluminum alloy is exposed to a first temperature ranging from 150° C. and 200° C., except for a selected portion of the alloy which is locally exposed simultaneously to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises strengthening precipitates having an aspect ratio ≥20, and wherein:
(a) the aluminum alloy comprises >8 wt % to 25 wt % copper; 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium; 0.05 wt % to 1 wt % manganese; ≤0.1 wt % silicon; and aluminum; or
(b) the aluminum alloy comprises >7.3 wt % to 25 wt % copper, 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium, 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt % manganese, ≤0.1 wt % silicon, ≤0.1 wt % iron, ≤0.01 wt % magnesium, and aluminum.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises 0 wt % to less than 0.05 wt % titanium.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first temperature ranges from 150° C. to 230° C. and the second temperature ranges from 250° C. to 400° C.
14. A method, comprising exposing an aluminum alloy comprising >7 wt % to 25 wt % copper, 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium, 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt % manganese, less than 0.1 wt % silicon, and aluminum to a multi-temperature aging treatment wherein the entire aluminum alloy is exposed to a first temperature ranging from 150° C. and 200° C., except for a selected portion of the alloy which is locally exposed simultaneously to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second temperature ranges from 250° C. to 350° C.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second temperature is provided by directing air having the second temperature at the selected portion of the aluminum alloy using forced convective heat transfer.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
solution treating the aluminum alloy at a temperature ranging from 525° C. to 550° C.;
adding a grain refiner comprising titanium to the aluminum alloy to provide a mixture and pouring the mixture into a pre-heated mold within 5 minutes of adding the grain refiner;
exposing the alloy to a short term aging treatment wherein the aluminum alloy is aged at a temperature ranging from 290° C. to 375° C. for a time period of less than 60 minutes or less.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises strengthening precipitates having an aspect ratio ≥20, and wherein:
(a) the aluminum alloy comprises >8 wt % to 25 wt % copper; 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium;
0.05 wt % to 1 wt % manganese; 0.1 wt % silicon; and aluminum; 0 wt % to less than 0.05 wt % titanium; or
(b) the aluminum alloy comprises >7.3 wt % to 25 wt % copper, 0.05 wt % to 0.3 wt % zirconium, 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt % manganese, ≤0.1 wt % silicon, ≤0.1 wt % iron, ≤0.01 wt % magnesium, and aluminum.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises 0 wt % to less than 0.05 wt % titanium.