Method for autonomous stable energy management of aircraft/spacecraft turbo-electric distributed propulsion (TEDP) systems
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for modeling and controlling the disparate components (e.g. generators, storage, propulsors, and power electronics) that comprise an aircraft turbo-electric distributed power (TeDP) system. The resulting control system is hierarchical and interactive. Layer one is the physical electric power system. Layer three is an optimization system that determines set points for system operation. Layer two, in between layer one and layer three, includes nonlinear, fast, dynamic power-electronic controllers that hold the operation of the power system to the desired set points. Communication between these layers ensures feasibility and stability of the controlled operation. Simulations demonstrate that the resulting control system ensures stability and maximum efficiency.
1. A system for providing feasible and stable power to an aircraft, comprising:
a turbo-electric distributed propulsion system (TeDP) having:
one or more generator modules, wherein each generator module includes a respective generator and a respective rectifier having one or more pairs of switches;
one or more propulsor modules, wherein each propulsor module includes a respective propulsor, a respective inverter having one or more pairs of switches, and a respective permanent magnet synchronous machine with a governor;
a direct current (DC) link module consisting of a DC link electrically coupling the one or more generator modules to the one or more propulsor modules and a single capacitor; and
a flywheel module electrically coupled to the DC link module, wherein the flywheel module includes a flywheel, having a flywheel module permanent magnet synchronous machine, and a flywheel module inverter having one or more pairs of switches;
one or more nonlinear dynamic power-electronic controllers connected to the modules of the TeDP holding operation of the TeDP to one or more set points, the one or more controllers include:
a respective generator controller for each generator module, wherein each generator module is controlled by adjustment of the switches in that generator module's rectifier;
a respective propulsor controller for each propulsor module, and each propulsor module is controlled by adjustment of the switches in that propulsor module's inverter or speed adjustment through instructions to the governor;
a DC link controller; and
a flywheel controller;
a Dynamic Monitoring and Decision System comprising the one or more nonlinear dynamic power-electronic controllers connected through one or more communication links to a software implemented optimization system;
wherein the software implemented optimization system monitors the TeDP through the one or more controllers and determines the one or more set points;
wherein each generator controller regulates real and reactive power out of the respective generator module, each propulsor controller regulates real and reactive power into the respective propulsor module, and the flywheel controller regulates reactive power into the flywheel module according to respective values specified by the one or more set points; and
wherein the DC link controller gives a set point to the flywheel controller to regulate the DC link module voltage by regulating the flywheel module power.
2. A system for providing feasible and stable power to an aircraft, comprising:
a turbo-electric distributed propulsion system (TeDP) comprising:
one or more generator modules, wherein each generator module includes a respective generator and a respective rectifier having one or more pairs of switches;
one or more propulsor modules, wherein each propulsor module includes a respective propulsor and a respective inventor having one or more switches;
a direct current (DC) link module consisting of a DC link electrically coupling the one or more generator modules to the one or more propulsor modules and a single capacitor; and
a flywheel module electrically coupled to the DC link module, wherein the flywheel module includes a flywheel, a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and an inverter having one or more pairs of switches;
one or more nonlinear dynamic power-electronic controllers connected to the modules of the TeDP holding operation of the TeDP to one or more set points; and
a Dynamic Monitoring and Decision System comprising the one or more nonlinear dynamic power-electronic controllers connected through one or more communication links to a software implemented optimization system;
wherein the software implemented optimization system monitors the TeDP through the controllers and determines the one or more set points; and
wherein the one or more nonlinear dynamic power-electronic controllers regulate real and reactive power out of the one or more generator modules, regulate real and reactive power into the one or more propulsor modules, and regulate reactive power into the flywheel module and the DC link module voltage according to respective values specified by the one or more set points.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more controllers further includes a respective generator controller for each generator module, and each generator module is controlled by adjustment of the switches in that generator module's rectifier.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein each propulsor module includes a permanent magnet synchronous machine with a governor.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the one or more controllers further includes a respective propulsor controller for each propulsor module, and each propulsor module is controlled by adjustment of the switches in that propulsor module's inverter or speed adjustment through instructions to the governor.
6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more controllers further comprise a generator controller for each generator module, a propulsor controller for each propulsor module, a DC link controller, and a flywheel controller.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein each generator controller regulates real and reactive power out of the respective generator module, each propulsor controller regulates real and reactive power into the respective propulsor module, and the flywheel controller regulates reactive power into the flywheel module.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the DC link controller gives a set point to the flywheel controller to regulate the DC link module voltage by regulating the flywheel module power.
9. The system of claim 2 , wherein the optimization system identifies the one or more set points such that total aerodynamic power of the one or more propulsor modules is maximized.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the optimization system determines the aerodynamic power of each propulsor module based on the electric power delivered to that propulsor multiplied by an aerodynamic efficiency of that propulsor.