Alignment difference safety in a master-slave robotic system
A method of operating a robotic control system comprising a master apparatus in communication with an input device having a handle and a slave system having a tool having an end effector whose position and orientation is determined in response to a position and orientation of the handle. The method involves producing a desired end effector position and a desired end effector orientation of the end effector, in response to a current position and a current orientation of the handle. The method further involves causing the input device to provide haptic feedback that impedes translational movement of the handle, while permitting rotational movement of the handle and preventing movement of the end effector, when a rotational alignment difference between the handle and the end effector meets a first criterion. The method further involves re-enabling translational movement of the handle when the rotational alignment difference meets a second criterion.
1. A method of controlling a robotic surgery system comprising:
by a processor:
determining an alignment difference between a handle of the robotic surgery system and an end effector of a surgical tool of the robotic surgery system;
enabling rotational control of the handle, the rotational control of the handle causing rotational movement of the end effector; and
selectively enabling translational control of the handle based on the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector, the translational control of the handle causing translational movement of the end effector.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selectively enabling the translational control of the handle based on the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector comprises:
in response to determining that the alignment difference does not satisfy an alignment threshold, disabling the translational control of the handle thereby disabling the translational movement of the end effector; and
in response to determining that the alignment difference satisfies the alignment threshold, enabling the translational control of the handle thereby enabling the translational movement of the end effector.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein enabling the rotational control of the handle comprises enabling rotational movement of the handle.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein enabling the translational control of the handle comprises enabling translational movement of the handle.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, by the processor, causing provision of an indication that the translational control of the handle is disabled.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, by the processor:
in response to determining that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector does not satisfy an alignment threshold, disabling the rotational movement of the end effector responsive to the rotational movement of the handle.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, by the processor:
in response to determining that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector does not satisfy an alignment threshold, causing an end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a previous position and orientation of the handle; and
in response to determining that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, causing the end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a current position and orientation of the handle.
8. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of a robotic surgery control system, cause the processor to:
enable rotational control of a handle, the rotational control of the handle causing rotational movement of an end effector of a surgical tool;
determine an alignment difference between the handle and the end effector;
in response to a determination that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector does not satisfy an alignment threshold, disable translational control of the handle thereby disabling translational movement of the end effector; and
in response to a determination that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, enable the translational control of the handle thereby enabling the translational movement of the end effector.
9. The medium of claim 8 , wherein enabling the rotational control of the handle comprises enabling rotational movement of the handle.
10. The medium of claim 8 , wherein enabling the translational control of the handle comprises enabling translational movement of the handle.
11. The medium of claim 8 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to cause provision of an indication that the translational control of the handle is disabled.
12. The medium of claim 8 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector does not satisfy the alignment threshold, disable the rotational movement of the end effector responsive to the rotational movement of the handle.
13. The medium of claim 8 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector does not satisfy the alignment threshold, cause an end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a previous position and orientation of the handle; and
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the handle and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, cause the end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a current position and orientation of the handle.
14. A robotic surgery control system comprising:
a surgeon interface including an input configured to be moved translationally and rotationally, wherein translational movement of the input causes translational movement of an end effector of a surgical tool and rotational movement of the input causes rotational movement of the end effector of the surgical tool; and
a processor configured to:
enable rotational control of the input thereby causing rotational movement of the end effector to be enabled;
determine an alignment difference between the input and the end effector;
in response to a determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector does not satisfy an alignment threshold, disable the translational movement of the input thereby causing the translational movement of the end effector to be disabled; and
in response to a determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, enable translational movement of the input thereby causing the translational movement of the end effector to be enabled.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the input comprises a handle coupled to first, second, and third control arms.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the handle is gimbal-mounted to the first, second, and third control arms.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the handle is configured to provide the rotational movement of the input and the first, second and third control arms are configured to provide the translational movement of the input.
18. The system of claim 14 , wherein enabling the rotational control of the input comprises enabling the rotational movement of the input.
19. The system of claim 14 , wherein enabling the translational movement of the input comprises enabling the translational movement of the input.
20. The system of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause provision of an indication that the translational movement of the input is disabled.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the indication comprises a haptic indication.
22. The system of claim 20 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, cause provision of the indication to be disabled.
23. The system of claim 14 , wherein the alignment difference comprises a rotational alignment difference in at least one degree of rotational freedom.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine the rotational alignment difference based on an angle by which the end effector would have to be rotated to become aligned with a current orientation of the input.
25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a target orientation of the end effector based on a current orientation of the input; and
determine the rotational alignment difference based on a difference between the current orientation of the input and the target orientation of the end effector.
26. The system of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector does not satisfy the alignment threshold, disable the rotational movement of the end effector responsive to the rotational movement of the input.
27. The system of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector does not satisfy the alignment threshold, cause an end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a previous position and orientation of the input; and
in response to the determination that the alignment difference between the input and the end effector satisfies the alignment threshold, cause the end effector position and orientation to be determined based on a current position and orientation of the input.
28. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a display, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the display to provide visual representation of the alignment difference.