Synthetic membranes and methods of use thereof
The present invention relates to synthetic membranes and use of these synthetic membranes for isolation of volatile organic compounds and purification of water. The synthetic membrane includes a hydrophobic polymer layer located on a polymeric membrane support layer. The invention includes a method of isolating volatile organic compounds with the synthetic membrane by contacting a volatile organic mixture with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of pervaporation. The invention also includes a method of purifying water with the synthetic membrane by contacting an ionic solution with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing water from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of reverse osmosis. The invention also relates to methods of isolating non-polar gases by gas fractionation.
1. A synthetic membrane for recovering a target via separation, the membrane comprising:
a polymeric membrane support layer; and
a hydrophobic polymer layer located on the polymeric membrane support layer, the hydrophobic polymer layer including:
a plurality of polymer units covalently bonded to the polymeric membrane support layer, wherein each polymer unit includes a polymerized plurality of vinyl monomers.
2. The membrane according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of pores enabling fluid communication between a first side of the membrane and a second side of the membrane.
3. The membrane according to claim 2 , wherein the pores are sized from about 1 nm to about 10 nm.
4. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric membrane support layer is a light sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer.
5. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the target includes a volatile organic compound, inorganic ions from water, a non-polar gas compound, a polar gas compound, or combinations thereof.
6. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the volatile organic compound includes an alcohol, isobutanol, isobutyraldehyde, ketoisovaleric acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, formate, or combinations thereof.
7. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the water is a seawater, a brackish water, or combinations thereof.
8. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the inorganic ions from water include chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate, strontium, bromide, borate, fluoride, boron, silicate, iodide, or combinations thereof.
9. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the non-polar gas compound includes hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, one or more C 1-12 alkanes, one or more noble gases, or combinations thereof.
10. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the polar gas compound includes carbon monoxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, or combinations thereof.
11. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the vinyl monomers are C 1-20 alkyl methacrylate monomers, polyethylene glycol monomers, styrene monomers, or combinations thereof.
12. The membrane according to claim 11 , wherein the vinyl monomers are C 18 alkyl methacrylate monomers.
13. The membrane according to claim 11 , wherein the vinyl monomers are C 6 alkyl methacrylate monomers.
14. A method of making a synthetic membrane for recovering a target via separation, the method comprising:
irradiating a surface of a light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer, the membrane support layer having a pore size of about 1 nm to about 10 nm; and
contacting a monomer solution with the surface of the light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer, the monomer solution comprising vinyl monomers and a solvent.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein the vinyl monomers are C 1-20 alkyl methacrylate monomers, polyethylene glycol monomers, styrene monomers, or combinations thereof.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the vinyl monomers are C 18 alkyl methacrylate monomers.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the vinyl monomers are C 6 alkyl methacrylate monomers.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein a molar concentration of the vinyl monomers in the monomer solution is from about 0.01 M to about 9.0 M.
19. The method according to claim 14 , wherein irradiating the surface of the light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer includes:
exposing the surface of the light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer to atmospheric pressure plasma for a time period of from about 2 minutes to about 10 minutes.
20. The method according to claim 14 , wherein irradiating the surface of the light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer includes:
exposing the surface of the light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) membrane support layer to ultraviolet light for a time period of from about 10 seconds to about 5 minutes.