Solid electrolyte for all-solid lithium secondary battery, all-solid lithium secondary battery, and method of preparing the solid electrolyte
A solid electrolyte for an all-solid secondary battery, wherein the solid electrolyte has a composition represented by Formula (1): Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x (1) wherein 1.2<x<1.75, the solid electrolyte has an argyrodite crystal structure, and the solid electrolyte has at least one peak at a position of a 29.65±0.50° 2θ when analyzed by X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation.
1. A solid electrolyte for all-solid secondary battery, wherein the solid electrolyte has a composition represented by Formula (1):
Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x (1),
wherein
1.2<x<1.75,
the solid electrolyte has an argyrodite crystal structure, and
the solid electrolyte has at least one peak at a position of 29.65±0.50° 2θ when analyzed by X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation.
2. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein x in Formula (1) satisfies a range of 1.23≤x≤1.5.
3. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte further satisfies (IB/IA)<0.5,
wherein IA is a maximum intensity of the peak at the position of 29.65°±0.50° 2θ, and IB is a maximum intensity of a peak at a position of 28.00°±0.50° 2θ when analyzed by X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation.
4. The solid electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein IB/IA is less than 0.1.
5. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte has peaks at positions of 25.16°±0.50° 2θ, 29.65°±0.50° 2θ, 30.94°±0.50° 2θ, 44.36°±0.50° 2θ, 47.22°±0.50° 2θ, and 51.75°±0.50° 2θ when analyzed by X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation.
6. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte has an activation energy of about 29 kilojoules per mole or less.
7. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte has an ion conductivity of about 1.6×10 −3 Siemens per centimeter or greater at a temperature of 27° C.
8. A composite electrode comprising an electrode active material and a first solid electrolyte that is the solid electrolyte of claim 1 .
9. The composite electrode of claim 8 , wherein the electrode active material is a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material.
10. The composite electrode of claim 8 , further comprising a second solid electrolyte, wherein the second solid electrolyte is different from the first solid electrolyte.
11. The composite electrode of claim 8 , further comprising a sulfide solid electrolyte.
12. An all-solid secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode layer;
a negative electrode layer; and
a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and comprising a first solid electrolyte that is the solid electrolyte of claim 1 .
13. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 12 , wherein the positive electrode layer comprises a positive electrode active material, and
the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium ternary transition metal oxide having a layered rock-salt structure.
14. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 13 , wherein the lithium ternary transition metal oxide is represented by LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 or LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 ,
wherein 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1, and x+y+z=1.
15. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 12 , wherein the negative electrode layer comprises a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material comprises at least one of lithium metal, a metal or metalloid alloyable with lithium, or a carbonaceous material.
16. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 15 , wherein the negative electrode active material comprises lithium, indium, aluminum, tin, silicon, artificial graphite, graphite carbon fiber, resin-sintered carbon, pyrolytic vapor-grown carbon, coke, mesocarbon microbead, furfuryl alcohol, polyacene, pitch-based carbon fiber, vapor-grown carbon fiber, natural graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, or a combination thereof.
17. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 12 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer further comprises a second solid electrolyte that is different from the first solid electrolyte.
18. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 12 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer further comprises a sulfide solid electrolyte.
19. A method of preparing a solid electrolyte, the method comprising:
mechanically milling a mixture comprising Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and LiBr at a mixing ratio corresponding to Formula (1) to obtain a glass-state composite; and
heat-treating the glass-state composite at a glass transition temperature or greater of the glass-state composite to convert the glass-state composite to an ionic conductive glass ceramic and obtain the solid electrolyte,
wherein the solid electrolyte has a composition represented by Formula (1):
Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x (1),
wherein 1.2<x<1.75.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the mechanical milling is performed at a temperature of about 25° C. and in an inert atmosphere.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the mechanical milling is performed using a planetary ball mill.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the mechanical milling using the planetary ball mill is performed at a rotation rate of about 50 to about 600 revolutions per minute, for about 0.1 to about 50 hours.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein a temperature at which the heat-treating of the glass-state composite is performed is in a range of about 250° C. to about 450° C.
24. The method of claim 19 , further comprising cooling the ionic conductive glass ceramic after the heat-treating of the glass-state composite to obtain the solid electrolyte.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the solid electrode has an argyrodite crystal structure.