Feedstocks for additive manufacturing, and methods of using the same
Some variations provide a method of making an additively manufactured metal component, comprising: providing a feedstock that includes a high-vapor-pressure metal; exposing a first amount of the feedstock to an energy source for melting; and solidifying the melt layer, thereby generating a solid layer of an additively manufactured metal component. The metal-containing feedstock is enriched with a higher concentration of the high-vapor-pressure metal compared to its concentration in the additively manufactured metal component. The high-vapor-pressure metal may be selected from Mg, Zn, Li, Al, Cd, Hg, K, Na, Rb, Cs, Mn, Be, Ca, Sr, or Ba, for example. Additively manufactured metal components are provided. Metal-containing feedstocks for additive manufacturing are also disclosed, wherein concentration of at least one high-vapor-pressure metal in the feedstock is selected based on a desired concentration of the high-vapor-pressure metal in an additively manufactured metal component derived from the metal-containing feedstock. Various feedstock compositions are disclosed.
1. A metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock containing (a) one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, W, and Mo, and (b) and at least two high-vapor-pressure metals that each have a vapor pressure of at least 1 kPa at a temperature of 1000° C., wherein each of said at least two high-vapor-pressure metals is present in a concentration from 2 wt % to 20 wt % in said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock, wherein said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock includes from 3 wt % to 15 wt % magnesium as a first high-vapor-pressure metal, wherein said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock includes zinc as a second high-vapor-pressure metal wherein said additive manufacturing feedstock comprises grain-refining nanoparticles, and wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are lattice-matched to within ±5% compared to an otherwise-equivalent additive manufacturing feedstock containing said one or more metals and said at least two high-vapor-pressure metals, but not said grain-refining nanoparticles.
2. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock contains Al.
3. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said high-vapor-pressure metals has a vapor pressure of at least 10 kPa at a temperature of 1000° C.
4. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said high-vapor-pressure metals has a vapor pressure of at least 100 kPa at a temperature of 1000° C.
5. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock further includes lithium as a third high-vapor-pressure metal.
6. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 5 , wherein said lithium is present from 2 wt % to 15 wt %.
7. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of zirconium, silver, lithium, manganese, iron, silicon, vanadium, scandium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, and oxides, nitrides, hydrides, carbides, or borides thereof, and combinations of the foregoing.
8. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 1 , wherein said zinc is present from 4 wt % to 20 wt %.
9. A metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock containing aluminum and from 2 wt % to 15 wt % magnesium, from 6 wt % to 20 wt % zinc, and from 2 wt % to 15 wt % lithium, wherein said additive manufacturing feedstock comprises grain-refining nanoparticles, and wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are lattice-matched to within ±5% compared to an otherwise-equivalent additive manufacturing feedstock containing said aluminum, said magnesium, said zinc, and said lithium, but not said grain-refining nanoparticles.
10. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 9 , wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of zirconium, silver, lithium, manganese, iron, silicon, vanadium, scandium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, and oxides, nitrides, hydrides, carbides, or borides thereof, and combinations of the foregoing.
11. A metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock containing aluminum and from 3 wt % to 15 wt % magnesium and/or from 7 wt % to 20 wt % zinc, wherein said additive manufacturing feedstock comprises grain-refining nanoparticles, and wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are lattice-matched to within ±5% compared to an otherwise-equivalent additive manufacturing feedstock containing said aluminum, said magnesium, and said zinc, but not said grain-refining nanoparticles.
12. The metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock of claim 11 , wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of zirconium, silver, lithium, manganese, iron, silicon, vanadium, scandium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, and oxides, nitrides, hydrides, carbides, or borides thereof, and combinations of the foregoing.
13. A metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock containing (a) one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, W, and Mo, and (b) and at least one high-vapor-pressure metal that has a vapor pressure of at least 1 kPa at a temperature of 1000° C., wherein said at least one high-vapor-pressure metal is present in a concentration from 2 wt % to 20 wt % in said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock, wherein said metal-containing additive manufacturing feedstock includes Mg, Zn, and Li, wherein said additive manufacturing feedstock comprises grain-refining nanoparticles, and wherein said grain-refining nanoparticles are lattice-matched to within ±5% compared to an otherwise-equivalent additive manufacturing feedstock containing said one or more metals and said at least one high-vapor-pressure metal, but not said grain-refining nanoparticles.