Anti-inflammatory coatings to improve biocompatibility of neurological implants
Neurological implants whose surfaces have been chemically and covalently modified to impart beneficial properties to the neurological implants are described. The neurological implants possess improved biocompatibility compared to a corresponding neurological implant that lacks the chemical modification. Following implantation in a subject, the surface-modified neurological implants induce a lower-foreign body response, compared to a corresponding unmodified product.
1. A central nervous system implant having bound to one or more surfaces thereof a small molecule comprising a chemical moiety of Formula XII or at least one polymer comprising the chemical moiety of Formula XII, wherein the chemical moiety of Formula XII is in an effective amount to reduce inflammation mediated by microglia cells and/or astrocytes,
wherein Formula XII has the formula:
wherein,
R 19 is —NR—, —O—, —S—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)O—, —NHC(O)—, —OC(O)—, —NH—NHC(O)—, —OC(O)NH—, —NHC(O)O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —S(═O 2 ) 2 —, —S(═O)—, —N═N—, or —N═CH—, wherein Rx is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl,
R 20 has the structure:
—Az—Bz—(—Cz)δ, Formula XIII
wherein δ is 1,
Az is
wherein in Formula XIV of Az: R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —, p is an integer from 0 to 5, each R 32 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl, each R e is independently unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted dialkylamino, hydroxy, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, or substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, y is an integer between 0 and 11, inclusive, R25, R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 are independently C or N, wherein the bonds between adjacent R 25 to R 30 are double or single according to valency, and wherein R 25 to R 30 are bound to none, one, or two hydrogens according to valency, or
Az is
wherein in Formula XV of Az, R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , and R 39 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted phenyl, substituted phenyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted aroxy, substituted aroxy, unsubstituted carbonyl, substituted carbonyl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, poly(ethylene glycol), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), k is an integer from 0 to 20, each X d is independently absent, O, or S, and R c is Bz,
wherein Bz is
wherein R 48 and R 49 are independently hydrogen,
or
Cz, and
wherein Cz is
wherein in Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —or —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —Xb—(CR 32 R 32 ) q —, p and q are independently integers between 0 to 5, inclusive, each R 32 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl, X b is absent, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, or NR 47 , R 47 is unsubstituted alkyl or substituted alkyl, each R e is independently unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted dialkylamino, hydroxy, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, or substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, y is an integer between 0 and 11, inclusive, wherein (i) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 are independently C or N, wherein the bonds between adjacent R 25 to R 30 are double or single according to valency, and wherein R 25 to R 30 are bound to none, one, or two hydrogens according to valency, (ii) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 form a thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide moiety, or (iii) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 form a tetrahydropyran.
2. The central nervous system implant of claim 1 , wherein for Formula XIV of Az, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 1, R 25 is C, and R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds, y is 1, and R e is Bz having Formula XVII.
3. The central nervous system implant of claim 1 , wherein for Formula XIV of Az, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 1, R 25 is C, and R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds, y is 1, and
wherein R 48 and R 49 are not both hydrogen.
4. The central nervous system implant of claim 3 , wherein for Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —X b —(CR 32 R 32 ) q —, each R 32 is hydrogen, and p is 0.
5. The central nervous system implant of claim 4 , wherein Formula XIV of Cz is
6. The central nervous system implant of claim 1 , wherein Az is
and R c is Bz having Formula XVII.
7. The central nervous system implant of claim 6 , wherein for Formula IX of Az, Xd is O, and R 32 -R 39 are hydrogen.
8. The central nervous system implant of claim 6 ,
wherein R 48 and R 49 are not both hydrogen.
9. The central nervous system implant of claim 8 , wherein for Formula XIV of Cz is
10. The central nervous system implant of claim 8 , wherein for Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 0, R 25 is C, R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds.
11. The central nervous system implant of claim 8 , wherein Formula XIV of Cz is
12. The central nervous system implant of claim 1 , wherein the chemical moiety is selected from the group consisting of
and combinations thereof.
13. A central nervous system implant formed from or having a coating comprising a material having bound thereto a chemical moiety of Formula XII in an effective amount to reduce inflammation mediated by microglia cells and/or astrocytes, wherein the chemical moiety of Formula XII has the formula:
wherein,
R 19 is —NRx—, —O—, —S—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)O—, —NHC(O)—, —OC(O)—, —NH—NHC(O)—, —OC(O)NH—, —NHC(O)O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —S(═O 2 ) 2 —, —S(═O)—, —N═N—, or —N═CH—, wherein Rx is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl,
R 20 has the structure:
—Az—Bz—(—Cz)δ, Formula XIII
wherein δ is 1,
Az is
wherein in Formula XIV of Az: R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —, p is an integer from 0 to 5, each R 32 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl, each R e is independently unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted dialkylamino, hydroxy, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, or substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, y is an integer between 0 and 11, inclusive, R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 are independently C or N, wherein the bonds between adjacent R 25 to R 30 are double or single according to valency, and wherein R 25 to R 30 are bound to none, one, or two hydrogens according to valency, or
Az is
wherein in Formula XV of Az, R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , and R 39 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted phenyl, substituted phenyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted aroxy, substituted aroxy, unsubstituted carbonyl, substituted carbonyl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, poly(ethylene glycol), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), k is an integer from 0 to 20, each X d is independently absent, O, or S, and R c is Bz,
wherein Bz is
wherein R 48 and R 49 are independently hydrogen,
or
Cz, and
wherein Cz is
wherein in Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p — or —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —X b —(CR 32 R 32 ) q —, p and q are independently integers between 0 to 5, inclusive, each R 32 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl, X b is absent, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, or NR 47 , R 47 is unsubstituted alkyl or substituted alkyl, each R e is independently unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted dialkylamino, hydroxy, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, unsubstituted amino, substituted amino, unsubstituted amido, substituted amido, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, substituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic, unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, or substituted C 3 -C 20 heterocyclic, y is an integer between 0 and 11, inclusive, wherein (i) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 are independently C or N, wherein the bonds between adjacent R 25 to R 30 are double or single according to valency, and wherein R 25 to R 30 are bound to none, one, or two hydrogens according to valency, (ii) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 form a thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide moiety, or (iii) R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 form a tetrahydropyran.
14. The central nervous system implant of claim 13 , wherein for Formula XIV of Az, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 1, R 25 is C, and R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds, y is 1, and R e is Bz having Formula XVII.
15. The central nervous system implant of claim 13 , wherein for Formula XIV of Az, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 1, R 25 is C, and R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds, y is 1, and
wherein R 48 and R 49 are not both hydrogen.
16. The central nervous system implant of claim 15 , wherein for Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —X b —(CR 32 R 32 ) q —, each R 32 is hydrogen, and p is 0.
17. The central nervous system implant of claim 16 , wherein Formula XIV of Cz is
18. The central nervous system implant of claim 13 , wherein Az is
and R c is Bz having Formula XVII.
19. The central nervous system implant of claim 18 , wherein for Formula IX of Az, Xd is O, and R 32 -R 39 are hydrogen.
20. The central nervous system implant of claim 18 ,
wherein R 48 and R 49 are not both hydrogen.
21. The central nervous system implant of claim 20 , wherein Formula XIV of Cz is
22. The central nervous system implant of claim 20 , wherein for Formula XIV of Cz, R 31 is —(CR 32 R 32 ) p —, each R 32 is hydrogen, p is 0, R 25 is C, R 26 -R 30 are CH, and the bonds between R 25 and R 26 , between R 27 and R 28 , and between R 29 and R 30 are double bonds.
23. The central nervous system implant of claim 20 , wherein Formula XIV of Cz is
24. The central nervous system implant of claim 13 , wherein the chemical moiety is selected from the group consisting of
and combinations thereof.
25. The central nervous system implant of claim 13 , wherein the chemical moiety is functionalized on a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(lactone), poly(olefins), poly(anhydride), poly(urethane), poly(acrylates), poly(orthoester), poly(ethers), poly(esters), poly(phosphazine), poly(ether ester)s, poly(amino acids), synthetic poly(amino acids), poly(carbonates), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, zwitterionic polymers, gelatin, collagen, blends thereof, and copolymers thereof.
26. The central nervous system implant of claim 1 , wherein the neurological implant is selected from the group consisting of a neurological shunt, cortical electrode array, neurological leads, microdialysis sampling probe, carbon fiber/microwire-based microfabrication-based probes for voltammetry, carbon fiber/microwire-based microfabrication-based probes for electrophysiological recording, electrochemical device, implantable sensors, neurostimulator, and orthopedic implants that are placed adjacent to or in abutment with nerves, and pacemaker leads.
27. A method of making the central nervous system implant of claim 1 comprising:
coating a central nervous system implant with the small molecule comprising the chemical moiety of Formula XII and/or the at least one polymer comprising the chemical moiety of Formula XII to form a coating covalently or non-covalently bound to one or more surfaces of the central nervous system implant.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the coating is carried out by spray coating, dip coating, brush coating or combinations thereof.
29. A method of making the central nervous system implant of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
(a) providing the at least one polymer comprising the chemical moiety of Formula XII, and
(b) forming all or a part of the central nervous system implant from the at least one polymer comprising the chemical moiety of Formula XII.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the chemical moiety is selected from the group consisting of
and combinations thereof.
31. A method of decreasing inflammation of central nervous system tissue adjacent to a central nervous system implant comprising implanting the central nervous system implant of claim 1 into or adjacent to or in abutment with the central nervous system tissue.