Metal borides and uses thereof
Disclosed herein are compounds, methods, and tools which comprise tungsten borides and mixed transition metal borides.
1. A method of preparing a composite matrix comprising: combining an amount of W with an amount of B and M to generate the composite matrix, wherein the ratio of B to W and M is less than 12 equivalents of B to 1 equivalent of W and M; and the composite matrix comprises:
W 1-X M X B 4
wherein:
W is tungsten;
B is boron;
M is at least one element selected from the group of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), rhenium (Re), yttrium (Y), osmium (Qs), iridium (Ir), lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al);
and
x is from 0.001 to 0.999,
wherein combining the amount of W with the amount of B and M to generate the composite matrix comprises i) mixing W, B, and M to generate a mixture, ii) transferring the mixture to a reaction vessel, and iii) heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to induce a reaction between W, B, and M to generate the composite matrix, and
wherein the mixture is heated from about 5 minutes to about 540 minutes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the atmospheric oxygen is removed from the reaction vessel.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature between about 1200° C. and about 2200° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated by an induction furnace or conventional furnace.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein M is at least one element selected from the group: vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), and rhenium (Re).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of B to W and M is less than 10 equivalents of B to 1 equivalent of W and M.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and mixture is separated by a metal liner.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite matrix is a crystalline solid characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at a 2 theta of about 24.2.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at a 2 theta of about 34.5 or about 45.1.
10. A tool comprising a composite matrix produced by the method of claim 1 .
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated for about 180 minutes to about 540 minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated by hot pressing.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated by plasma spark sintering.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated by electric arc furnace.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction vessel is coated with electrically insulating material.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the electrically insulating material is hexagonal boron nitride.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein x is from 0.001 to 0.200.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein x is from 0.201 to 0.400.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the density of the composite matrix is 4.0-9.0 g/cm 3 .