Control system for a tiltable vehicle
A vehicle of the present disclosure may include at least one pair of opposing wheels coupled to a tiltable central chassis by a four-bar linkage or the like, such that the wheels are configured to tilt in unison with the central chassis. A steering actuator and/or a tilting actuator may be discretely controllable by an electronic controller of the vehicle. The controller may include processing logic configured to maintain alignment between a median plane of the chassis and a net force vector caused by gravity and any induced centrifugal forces. Various control algorithms may be utilized to steer the vehicle along a desired path, either autonomously or semi-autonomously.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a pair of wheels coupled to a tiltable central frame by a four-bar linkage configured such that the pair of wheels and the central frame are configured to tilt in unison with respect to a median plane of the central frame;
a sensor configured to detect directional information regarding a net force vector applied to the central frame, wherein the net force vector is determined by gravity in combination with any applicable centrifugal force applied to the central frame;
a first actuator operatively coupled to the central frame and configured to selectively tilt the central frame;
a second actuator operatively coupled to the pair of wheels and configured to selectively steer the pair of wheels; and
a controller including processing logic configured to selectively control the first actuator and the second actuator in response to the directional information from the sensor to automatically maintain the net force vector in alignment with the median plane of the central frame;
wherein the processing logic of the controller is further configured to control the second actuator to automatically (a) apply a selected amount of steering torque to the pair of wheels when a speed of the vehicle is less than a first threshold, and (b) permit the pair of wheels to caster freely when the speed of the vehicle is above the first threshold; and
wherein the selected amount of steering torque is linearly related to the speed of the vehicle when the speed is below the first threshold and above a second threshold.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the first actuator comprises a servo motor.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the first actuator independently of the second actuator.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the processing logic of the controller is further configured to respond to a requested travel path of the vehicle by controlling the second actuator to steer the wheels and then to control the first actuator to tilt the central frame in response to a resulting misalignment between the net force vector and the median plane of the central frame.
6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the processing logic of the controller is further configured to respond to a requested travel path of the vehicle by controlling the first actuator to tilt the central frame and then to control the second actuator to steer the wheels in response to a resulting misalignment between the net force vector and the median plane of the central frame.
7. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising a handlebar operatively coupled to the pair of wheels.
8. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the pair of wheels is coupled to the central frame at a first end, the vehicle further comprising a powered third wheel coupled to an opposite, second end of the central frame.