Methods for producing hydrocarbon products and hydrogen gas through electrochemical activation of methane
A method of forming a hydrocarbon product and hydrogen gas comprises introducing CH 4 to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprises an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10 −2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 600° C. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell to produce the hydrocarbon product and the hydrogen gas. A CH 4 activation system and an electrochemical cell are also described.
1. A method of forming a hydrocarbon product and hydrogen gas, comprising:
introducing methane (CH 4 ) to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising:
the positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising a catalyst-doped material including composite particles individually comprising:
one of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and silicon carbide (SiC); and
one or more of Ru, Rh, Ni, Ir, Mo, Zn, and Fe;
a negative electrode comprising an additional cermet material comprising nickel and one or more of a yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) and a yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-strontium-niobate (BSNYYb); and
a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and comprising one or more of further BZCYYb and further BSNYYb, the proton-conducting membrane having a H + conductivity greater than or equal to about 10 −2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 400° C. to about 600° C.; and
applying a potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell while the CH 4 interacts with the positive electrode so that hydrogen (H) atoms of the CH 4 release electrons (e − ) to produce methyl radicals (CH 3 + ), hydrogen ions (H + ), and the e − through non-oxidative deprotonation of the CH 4 at the one or more temperatures.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the proton-conducting membrane to comprise the further BSNYYb.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite particles individually comprise one of:
Fe and SiO 2 (Fe@SiO 2 );
Mo and SiO 2 (Mo@SiO 2 );
Fe and SiC (Fe@SiC); and
Mo and SiC (Mo@SiC).
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composite particles individually comprise the Fe@SiO 2 .
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the proton-conducting membrane to comprise the further BZCYYb, the further BZCYYb comprising BaZr 0.3 Ce 0.5 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ .
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the proton-conducting membrane such that the proton-conducting membrane substantially intervenes between opposing surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing CH 4 to the positive electrode of the electrochemical cell comprises introducing one or more fluid streams comprising the CH 4 to the positive electrode of the electrochemical cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the proton-conducting membrane to be substantially homogeneous.