Bidirectional DC converter assembly having cascade of isolated resonant converter and step-up/step-down converter
A bidirectional DC converter assembly includes two serially-arranged DC/DC converters. The first converter is a buck (or a buck/boost) converter to be connected to a high-voltage (HV) level of an electric vehicle. The second converter is a series resonant switching converter to be connected to a low-voltage (LV) of the vehicle. The series resonant switching converter of the second converter is formed by a DC/AC converter, a transformer, and an AC/DC converter, which are serially arranged in the stated order between the first converter and the LV level. A bidirectional peak current controller is associated with the first converter. The peak current controller is realized by a current measurement at an inductor of the first converter. The peak current controller uses the coil current value, which is modified with an offset value and thus has a constant sign, as a set point in controlling the first converter.
1. A bidirectional DC/DC converter assembly for an electric vehicle having a high-voltage (HV) level and a low-voltage (LV) level, the bidirectional DC/DC converter assembly comprising:
a first DC/DC converter having a first port and a second port, the first DC/DC converter connected to the HV level by the first port being connected to the HV level;
a second DC/DC converter having a third port and a fourth port, the second DC/DC converter connected to the first DC/DC converter by the third port being connected to the second port, the second DC/DC converter connected to the LV level by the fourth port being connected to the LV level, wherein the second DC/DC converter is a series resonant switching converter formed by a DC/AC converter, a transformer, and an AC/DC converter;
wherein when energy is to flow in a first direction from the HV level to the LV level the first DC/DC converter is operable as a buck converter to convert a high DC voltage inputted to the first port into an intermediate DC voltage that is outputted at the second port;
wherein when energy is to flow in a second direction from the LV level to the HV level the first DC/DC converter is operable as a boost converter to convert at intermediate DC voltage inputted to the second port into a high DC voltage that is outputted at the first port; and
a peak current controller associated with the first DC/DC converter, the peak current controller including a current sensor for measuring an inductor current of an inductor of the first DC/DC converter,
wherein, when the inductor current is a bidirectional inductor current having a polarity that changes between positive and negative during a change in the flow of energy between the first and second directions, the peak current controller generates a modified current variable that is a summation of the bidirectional inductor current and an offset value, the offset value being such that the modified current variable has a constant polarity,
wherein the peak current controller uses the modified current variable as a set point in controlling power switches of the first DC/DC converter during a change in operation of the first DC/DC converter between the buck converter and the boost converter in correspondence with the change in the flow of energy between the first and second directions.
2. The bidirectional DC/DC converter assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the power switches of the first DC/DC converter and power switches of the second DC/DC converter are silicon carbide or gallium nitride semiconductor power switches.