Fabrication of a scintillator material of elpasolite type
The present disclosure relates to a process for fabricating a crystalline scintillator material with a structure of elpasolite type of theoretical composition A 2 BC (1-y) M y X (6-y) wherein: A is chosen from among Cs, Rb, K, Na, B is chosen from among Li, K, Na, C is chosen from among the rare earths, Al, Ga, M is chosen from among the alkaline earths, X is chosen from among F, Cl, Br, I, y representing the atomic fraction of substitution of C by M and being in the range extending from 0 to 0.05, comprising its crystallization by cooling from a melt bath comprising r moles of A and s moles of B, the melt bath in contact with the material containing A and B in such a way that 2s/r is above 1. The process shows an improved fabrication yield. Moreover, the crystals obtained can have compositions closer to stoichiometry and have improved scintillation properties.
1. A detector, comprising a scintillator including a crystalline scintillator material, wherein the crystalline scintillator material includes A a B b C c M m X x , wherein:
A comprises Cs, Rb, K, Na, or a combination thereof;
B comprises Li, K, or Na, A being different from B;
C comprises at least one activating element and at least one other element selected from the group consisting of a rare earth element, Al, and Ga;
M comprises an alkaline earth element; and
X comprises a halogen,
a, b, c, m, and x represent respective atomic fractions of A, B, C, M, and X, and a sum of a, b, c, and m is 4,
1.7≤a≤2.3;
0.8≤b≤1.2;
0.85≤c≤1.1;
0≤m≤0.05;
5.05≤x≤6.9;
a 2b/a ratio is in a range from 0.97 to 1.4; and
a ratio of an atomic fraction of the at least one activating element to a sum of the atomic fractions of C and M is above 0.00001 and below or equal to 0.1.
2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the activating element comprises a rare earth element.
3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the activating element comprises at least one element of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb and Nd.
4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the activating element comprises Ce, Pr, or a combination thereof.
5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein m>0, and wherein M comprises Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof.
6. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A comprises Cs.
7. The detector of claim 1 , wherein B comprises Li, X comprises Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, and C comprises the at least one activating element and the at least one other element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y.
8. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A comprises Cs, B comprises Li, C comprises the at least one activating element and the at least one other element including La, and X comprises Br.
9. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A comprises Cs, B comprises Li, and C comprises the at least one activating element and the at least one other element including Y.
10. The detector of claim 9 , wherein X comprises Cl.
11. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes Y and Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Cl.
12. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes La, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Br.
13. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes Y, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes F.
14. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes La, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Cl.
15. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A include Cs and Rb, B includes Li, C includes La, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Br.
16. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes La, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Cl and Br.
17. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes Y, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Cl and Br.
18. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs, B includes Li, C includes La, Y, Ce, or any combination thereof, and X includes Cl.
19. The detector of claim 1 , wherein A includes Cs and Na, B includes Li and Na, C includes Y, Ce, or a combination thereof, and X includes Cl.
20. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode, a silicon photomultiplier, or an avalanche photodiode.
21. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline scintillator material has a scintillation energy resolution below 6%, measured with a source of 137 Cs gamma rays of 662 keV.