Methods of forming tunable resonators using high dielectric constant ferrite rods
Disclosed are methods of forming a single-piece magnetically tunable ferrite rods that can be used for radio-frequency (RF) applications, including using synthetic garnets. This can include methods of forming cellular towers and antennas. In some embodiments, a separate tuner need not be used in the resonator during magnetic tuning. Examples of fabrication methods and RF-related properties are disclosed.
1. A method of forming a tunable resonator system comprising:
preparing a powder for a high-dielectric material;
forming the powder into a shape; and
sintering the formed powder into a single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a tunable magnetic element formed out of one material, the single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a dielectric constant of at least 20, a diameter d of 0.09≤d≤0.11 inches, and a height h of 0.09≤h≤0.11 inches.
2. The method of claim 1 further including inserting the single-piece high-dielectric resonator into a cavity and tuning the resonator by applying an adjustable magnetic field.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the tuning is millisecond tuning.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the tuning is micro-second tuning.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the resonator has a dielectric constant of 26.7.
6. The method of claim 1 further including operating the resonator as a TE mode resonator.
7. The method of claim 1 further including operating the resonator as a TM mode resonator.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the material is a synthetic garnet.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi x Ca y+2x Y 3-x-y-2z Fe 5-y-z Zr y V z O 12 .
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi x Y 3-x-y-0.35 Ca 0.35 Zr 0.35 Fe 4.65 O 12 .
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi(Y,Ca) 2 Fe 4.2 M I 0.4 M II 0.4 O 12 .
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Y 2.15-2x Bi 0.5 Ca 0.35+2x Zr 0.35 V x Fe 4.65-x O 12 .
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi 0.9 Ca 0.9x Y 2.1-0.9x (Zr 0.7 Nb 0.1 ) x Fe 5-0.8x O 12 .
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi 0.9 Ca 0.9+2x Y 2.1-0.9-2x Zr 0.7 Nb 0.1 V x Fe 4.2-x O 12 .
15. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Bi 1.4 Ca 0.55+2x Y 1.05-2x Zr 0.55 V x F 4.45-x O 12 .
16. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is Y 2 CaFe 4.4 Zr 0.4 Mo 0.2 O 12 .
17. The method of claim 8 wherein the synthetic garnet is selected from the group consisting of BiY 2 Fe 4.6 In 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.4 Y 1.6 Fe 4.6 Zr 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.4 Y 1.6 Fe 4.6 Ti 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.8 Y 1.2 Fe 4.6 Sb 0.4 O 12 , BiY 2 Fe 4.6 Ga 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 1.2 Y 0.8 Fe 4.2 In 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 1.2 Ca 0.8 Fe 4.2 Zn 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 1.2 Ca 0.8 Fe 4.2 Mg 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Zr 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Sn 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 2 Fe 4.2 Ta 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 2 Fe 4.2 Nb 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.8 Ca 1.2 Fe 4.6 Mo 0.4 O 12 , and BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Ti 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 .
18. A method of manufacturing a component for a tunable system, the comprising:
preparing a powder for a high-dielectric material;
forming the powder into a shape of the component;
sintering the formed powder into a single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a tunable magnetic element formed out of one material, the single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a dielectric constant of at least 20, a diameter d of 0.09≤d≤0.11 inches, and a height h of 0.09≤h≤0.11 inches; and
locating the single-piece high dielectric resonator in a cavity.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the material is a synthetic garnet selected from the group consisting of BiY 2 Fe 4.6 In 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.4 Y 1.6 Fe 4.6 Zr 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.4 Y 1.6 Fe 4.6 Ti 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 0.8 Y 1.2 Fe 4.6 Sb 0.4 O 12 , BiY 2 Fe 4.6 Ga 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 1.2 Y 0.8 Fe 4.2 In 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 1.2 Ca 0.8 Fe 4.2 Zn 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 1.2 Ca 0.8 Fe 4.2 Mg 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Zr 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Sn 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 2 Fe 4.2 Ta 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiCa 2 Fe 4.2 Nb 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 , BiY 0.8 Ca 1.2 Fe 4.6 Mo 0.4 O 12 , and BiY 0.4 Ca 1.6 Fe 4.2 Ti 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 12 .
20. A method of preparing and tuning a tunable resonator system comprising:
preparing a powder for a high-dielectric material;
forming the powder into a shape;
sintering the formed powder into a single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a tunable magnetic element formed out of one material, the single-piece high-dielectric resonator having a dielectric constant of at least 20, a diameter d of 0.09≤d≤0.11 inches, and a height h of 0.09≤h≤0.11 inches; and
tuning the resonator by applying an adjustable magnetic field while the resonator is in a cavity.