Retinoic acid receptor antagonists as chaperone-mediated autophagy modulators and uses thereof

1. A compound of formula (II), wherein formula (II) is

wherein

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8 and R9 of formula (II) are independently H, hydroxyl, halogen, SH, NO 2 , CF 3 , COOH, COOR10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, OCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10,R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10,R11), N(R10,R11), or optionally substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, or heteroaralkyl; wherein the optional substituent is one or more of F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NO 2 , COOH, COOR10, R10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, HOCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10, R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10, R11), N(R10, R11);

R7 of formula (II) is H, hydroxyl, halogen, CF 3 , CN, OCF 3 , COOH, COOCH 3 , COOR10, COO(CH 2 ) 2 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , COOR10Si(CH 3 ) 3 , NHCOCH 3 , C═C—CH 2 OH, C═C—R10-OH or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaroaralkyl, cyclic or heterocyclic; wherein the optional substituent is one or more of F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NO 2 , CH 3 , R10, COOH, COOR10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, HOCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10, R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10, R11), N(R10, R11);

R10 and R11 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl; and

X is N; and Y is N;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein

R7 is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl and the optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl is

3. A compound of formula (II), wherein formula (II) is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8 and R9 of formula (II) are independently H, hydroxyl, halogen, SH, NO 2 , CF 3 , COOH, COOR10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, OCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10,R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10,R11), N(R10,R11), or optionally substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, or heteroaralkyl; wherein the optional substituent is one or more of F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NO 2 , COOH, COOR10, R10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, HOCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10, R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10, R11), N(R10, R11);

R7 of formula (II) is H, hydroxyl, halogen, CF 3 , CN, OCF 3 , COOH, COOCH 3 , COOR10, COO(CH 2 ) 2 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , COOR10Si(CH 3 ) 3 , NHCOCH 3 , C═C—CH 2 OH, C═C—R10-OH or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaroaralkyl, cyclic or heterocyclic; wherein the optional substituent is one or more of F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NO 2 , CH 3 , R10, COOH, COOR10, CHO, CN, NH 2 , NHR10, NHCONH 2 , NHCONHR10, NHCOR10, NHSO 2 R10, HOCR10, COR10, CH 2 R10, CON(R10, R11), CH═N—OR10, CH═NR10, OR10, SR10, SOR10, SO 2 R10, COOR10, CH 2 N(R10, R11), N(R10, R11); and

R10 and R11 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl.

4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein any one or more alkyl is C1-C3 alkyl independently of any other alkyl.

5. A compound of the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R1 is Cl,

R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and R9 are H, and

R7 is NHCOCH 3 .

6. A compound of the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R1 is Cl,

R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and R9 are H, and

R7 is phenyl.

7. A method of selectivity activating chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound or salt of claim 5 , in an amount effective to activate CMA,

wherein the subject has Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, frontotemporal dementia, retinal degeneration, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, a lysosomal storage disorder, a retinal disease, a cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or a cardiomyopathy.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject has reduced CMA compared to a normal subject prior to administering the compound.

9. A method of protecting cells from oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, and/or lipotoxicity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound or salt claim 5 , in an amount effective to protect cells from oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, and/or lipotoxicity,

wherein the subject has Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, frontotemporal dementia, retinal degeneration, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, a lysosomal storage disorder, a retinal disease, a cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or a cardiomyopathy.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cells being protected comprise cardiac cells, liver cells neurons, myocytes, fibroblasts, and/or immune cells.

11. A method of antagonizing activity of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a compound or salt of claim 5 , in an amount effective to act as an RARα antagonist,

wherein the subject has Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, frontotemporal dementia, retinal degeneration, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, a lysosomal storage disorder, a retinal disease, a cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or a cardiomyopathy.