Controlling AM spatter and conduction
An intelligent feed forward model to control additive manufacturing (AM) laser powder bed fusion process and reduce spattering whereby defects are eliminated by controlling the laser power and reducing spattering through a computer model. This application describes using a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller to create a power map that reduces spattering.
1. A laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method for producing a product and reducing spattering, comprising the steps of:
providing a build platform;
providing a powder bed on said build platform;
providing metal powder in said powder bed;
providing a laser having a first laser beam and a second laser beam, wherein the first laser beam has a first spot size and a first power and wherein the second laser beam has a second spot size and a second power, wherein said second spot size is smaller than said first spot size;
providing a proportional-integral-derivative controller;
providing an infrared camera;
creating a power map to control said laser to produce said first laser beam directed to said metal powder and produce said second laser beam directed to said metal powder;
partially melting said metal powder by said first laser beam before fully melting said metal powder by application of additional energy from said second laser beam;
wherein, when said metal powder is fully melted by said second laser beam, a plume of spatter is produced at an angle relative to powder bed;
monitoring said angle of plume of spatter with said infrared camera; and
maintaining said angle of plume of spatter at a predetermined angle by using said proportional-integral-derivative controller.
2. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method for producing a product and reducing spattering of claim 1 , further comprising:
a step of starting said second laser beam at an initial power and, after an interval, increasing the power of the second laser beam.
3. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method for producing a product and reducing spattering of claim 1 , further comprising:
a step of directing said first laser beam and said second laser beam on a path on said powder bed, and
wherein said step of creating a power map includes a step of creating a tracer point in a computer model and using said tracer point to direct said first laser beam and said second laser beam on said path on said powder bed.
4. The laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method for producing a product and reducing spattering of claim 1 , further comprising:
a step of using a computational model with a feedback loop control that changes the laser's first and second beams to tracking one tracer point that follows the laser's first and second beams at a given location depth and controls the temperature at said one tracer point to a fixed value equal to the melt temperature of the metal powder.