Organic light-emitting diode, organic light-emitting display including the same, and method of manufacturing the same
An organic light-emitting diode includes: a first electrode, a light-emitting stack thereon including: a hole transport layer (HTL), a blue light-emitting layer including: a blue host material (BHM), and a blue fluorescent dopant (BFD) material, and an electron transport layer (ETL), and a second electrode on the light-emitting stack, wherein BFD LUMO>BHM, BFD HOMO>BHM, BFD singlet energy<BHM, HTL HOMO>BHM and BFD, HTL HOMO−BFD HOMO≤0.1 eV, the HTL material LUMO>the BHM, HTL LUMO−BHM LUMO≥0.5 eV, HTL LUMO>BFD, ETL LUMO>BHM and BFD, a difference in LUMO between the ETL material and the BFD material≤0.1 eV, and the HTL material, the ETL material, and the BHM have the following triplet energy relationships: T 1,BH <T 1,HTL and T 1,BH <T 1,ETL , 2.8<T 1,HTL <3.0, and 2.6<T 1,ETL <2.8.
1. An organic light-emitting diode, comprising:
a first electrode;
a light-emitting stack on the first electrode comprising, sequentially stacked on the first electrode:
a hole transport layer comprising a hole transport layer material;
a blue light-emitting layer comprising:
a blue host material; and
a blue fluorescent dopant material; and
an electron transport layer comprising an electron transport layer material; and
a second electrode on the light-emitting stack,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a higher LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a higher HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a lower singlet energy than the blue host material,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher HOMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher HOMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein a difference in HOMO energy level between the hole transport layer material and the blue fluorescent dopant material is 0.1 eV or less,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein a difference in LUMO energy level between the hole transport layer material and the blue host material is 0.5 eV or more,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein the electron transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the electron transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein a difference in LUMO energy level between the electron transport layer material and the blue fluorescent dopant material is 0.1 eV or less, and
wherein the hole transport layer material, the electron transport layer material, and the blue host material have the following triplet energy relationships: T 1,BH <T 1,HTL and T 1,BH <T 1,ETL , 2.8<T 1,HTL <3.0, and 2.6<T 1,ETL <2.8, where T 1,HTL , T 1,ETL and T 1,BH indicate triplet energies of the hole transport layer material, the electron transport layer material, and the blue host material, respectively.
2. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the hole transport layer material comprises a tertiary amine-based material.
3. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the blue host material comprises an anthracene-based material.
4. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material comprises a pyrene amine derivative material.
5. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the electron transport layer material comprises a pyrimidine-based material.
6. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the blue light-emitting layer comprises 1 wt % to 5 wt % of the blue fluorescent dopant material.
7. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein:
the light-emitting stack is a first light-emitting stack; and
at least one additional light-emitting stack, comprising a second light-emitting stack, is further between the first electrode and the second electrode.
8. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , further comprising a charge generation layer between the first light-emitting stack and the second light-emitting stack.
9. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 8 , wherein the charge generation layer comprises:
an N-type charge generation layer; and
a P-type charge generation layer.
10. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , wherein the organic light-emitting diode comprises a white organic light-emitting diode comprising the at least one additional light-emitting stack configured to emit red (R), green (G), or yellow (Y) light.
11. An organic light-emitting display, comprising:
a substrate;
the organic light-emitting diode of claim 1 on the substrate; and
a driving device between the substrate and the organic light-emitting diode, and connected to the first electrode.
12. The organic light-emitting display of claim 11 , further comprising a color filter disposed:
between the substrate and the first electrode; or
on the organic light-emitting diode.
13. A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting diode, the method comprising:
providing a first electrode;
providing a light-emitting stack on the first electrode comprising, sequentially stacking on the first electrode:
a hole transport layer comprising a hole transport layer material;
a blue light-emitting layer comprising:
a blue host material; and
a blue fluorescent dopant material; and
an electron transport layer comprising an electron transport layer material; and
providing a second electrode on the light-emitting stack,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a higher LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a higher HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the blue fluorescent dopant material has a lower singlet energy than the blue host material,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher HOMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher HOMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein a difference in HOMO energy level between the hole transport layer material and the blue fluorescent dopant material is 0.1 eV or less,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein a difference in LUMO energy level between the hole transport layer material and the blue host material is 0.5 eV or more,
wherein the hole transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein the electron transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue host material,
wherein the electron transport layer material has a higher LUMO energy level than the blue fluorescent dopant material,
wherein a difference in LUMO energy level between the electron transport layer material and the blue fluorescent dopant material is 0.1 eV or less, and
wherein the hole transport layer material, the electron transport layer material, and the blue host material have the following triplet energy relationships: T 1,BH <T 1,HTL and T 1,BH <T 1,ETL , 2.8<T 1,HTL <3.0, and 2.6<T 1,ETL <2.8, where T 1,HTL , T 1,ETL and T 1,BH indicate triplet energies of the hole transport layer material, the electron transport layer material, and the blue host material, respectively.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the providing the hole transport layer material comprises providing a tertiary amine-based material.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the providing the blue host material comprises providing an anthracene-based material.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the providing the blue fluorescent dopant material comprises providing a pyrene amine derivative material.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the providing the electron transport layer material comprises providing a pyrimidine-based material.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the blue light-emitting layer comprises 1 wt % to 5 wt % of the blue fluorescent dopant material.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the providing the light-emitting stack comprises providing a first light-emitting stack; and
the at least one additional light-emitting stack, comprising a second light-emitting stack, is further provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising providing a charge generation layer between the first light-emitting stack and the second light-emitting stack.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the providing the charge generation layer comprises:
providing an N-type charge generation layer; and
providing a P-type charge generation layer.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the providing the organic light-emitting diode comprises providing a white organic light-emitting diode comprising the at least one additional light-emitting stack configured to emit red (R), green (G), or yellow (Y) light.