Nickel-cobalt material and method of forming
A nickel-cobalt material and method of forming includes forming a doped nickel-cobalt precursor material. The method also includes heat treating the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material, wherein the heat treating includes at least heating within a temperature zone below the onset temperature for grain growth in the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material.
1. A method of forming a material, the method comprising:
forming a phosphorous-doped nickel-cobalt precursor material comprising from about 25% to about 40% by atomic weight of cobalt, from about 1,000 ppm to about 3,500 ppm by atomic weight of phosphorous, and nickel as the balance of the material; and
heat treating the phosphorous-doped nickel-cobalt precursor material, wherein the heat treating includes at least heating at a temperature below the onset temperature for grain growth in the phosphorous-doped nickel-cobalt precursor material to form a heat treated nickel-cobalt material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material comprises at least one of a phosphorous-doped nickel-cobalt material or a boron-doped nickel-cobalt material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treating forms phosphorous precipitates at nanocrystalline grain boundaries.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treating forms intragranular twinning.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treated nickel-cobalt material comprises a nanocrystalline grain structure having a grain size distribution of about 50 to 100 nanometers.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treated nickel-cobalt material exhibits a fracture toughness of about 10 MPa·m 1/2 to 70 MPa·m 1/2 .
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treating further comprises heat treating in a temperature zone from about 600 K to about 750 K.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treated nickel-cobalt material exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of from about 1,000 MPa to about 1,500 MPa.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming a doped nickel-cobalt precursor material further comprises electroforming the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material.
10. A method of forming a material, the method comprising:
forming a doped nickel-cobalt precursor material; and
heat treating the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material, wherein the heat treating includes at least heating at a temperature below the onset temperature for grain growth in the doped nickel-cobalt precursor material to form a heat treated nickel-cobalt material; and wherein the heat treating forms phosphorous precipitates at nanocrystalline grain boundaries.