Method for producing an implantable ligament and tendon repair device
Compositions and blends of biopolymers and bio-acceptable polymers are described, along with the use of benign solvent systems to prepare biocompatible scaffolds and surgically implantable devices for use in supporting and facilitating the repair of soft tissue injuries.
1. A method for producing an implantable ligament and tendon repair device comprising the steps of:
dissolving Type I collagen and a bio-acceptable polymer selected from the group consisting of PDLA, PDLLA, PLGA, and mixtures thereof, in a DMSO solvent system comprising about 40 to 100% by volume of DMSO and about 0 to 60% by volume of a solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetic acid to form a biopolymer solution;
generating biopolymer fibers from the biopolymer solution;
collecting the biopolymer fibers to form a biopolymer sheet; and
annealing the biopolymer sheet; and
wherein the biopolymer fibers comprise about 10 to 35% by weight of Type I collagen and about 65 to 90% by weight of the bio-acceptable polymer; and
wherein the biopolymer fibers in the biopolymer sheet are not chemically cross-linked.
2. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer fibers further comprise:
about 20 to 35% by weight of Type I collagen and about 65 to 80% by weight of the bio-acceptable polymer.
3. A method of claim 2 , wherein the Type I collagen is selected from the group consisting of atelocollagen, telocollagen, recombinant human collagen and mixtures thereof.
4. A method of claim 3 , wherein the biopolymer fibers have an average diameter of 700 nm to 1,500 nm.
5. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are generated by a technique selected from the group consisting of electrospinning and pneumatospinning.
6. A method of claim 2 , wherein the biopolymer fibers further comprise about 27.5 to 32.5% by weight of Type I collagen and about 67.5 to 72.5% by weight of the bio-acceptable polymer.
7. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits one or more of the characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an average porosity of about 80 to 120 microns as determined by mercury porosimetry;
(ii) an absorbance in vitro of about its own weight in blood in about 5 minutes and an absorbance of about twice its own weight in blood in about 20 minutes;
(iii) substantial in vivo cell infiltration into the scaffold within about two weeks following implantation; and
(iv) a 4 to 8-fold higher number of adhered cells after 2 to 8 weeks following subcutaneous implantation as compared to an implanted device comprised of Type I collagen and bio-acceptable polymers generated using an HFIP electroprocessing solvent.
8. A method of claim 1 , wherein the DMSO solvent system comprises about 100% DMSO by weight.
9. A method of claim 2 , wherein the DMSO solvent system comprises about 100% DMSO by weight.
10. A method of claim 6 , wherein the DMSO solvent system comprises about 100% DMSO by weight.
11. A method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is high viscosity PDLLA.
12. A method of claim 2 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is high viscosity PDLLA.
13. A method of claim 6 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is high viscosity PDLLA.
14. A method of claim 2 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are collected to form a biopolymer sheet having a thickness that ranges from about 0.5 mm to about 6.0 mm.
15. A method of claim 2 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are collected to form a biopolymer sheet having fibers laying in the transverse plane capable of providing biaxial support for suture retention.
16. A method of claim 2 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are collected to form a biopolymer sheet having a first side having substantially aligned fibers and a second side having fibers that are not substantially aligned.
17. A method of claim 16 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are collected to form a gradient of alignment from isotropic to anisotropic of the biopolymer fibers through the biopolymer sheet of about 25 to 33%.
18. A method of claim 17 , wherein the gradient of alignment is in a layer or zone of the ligament and tendon repair device.
19. A method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of marking the inner or outer surface of the implantable ligament and tendon repair device so as to distinguish the inner-facing from outer-facing sides of the device as implanted.
20. A method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of packaging the implantable ligament and tendon repair device in a high barrier pouch.
21. A method of claim 2 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits one or more of the characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a range of tensile strength of about 4 to 16 MPa;
(ii) a modulus of elasticity of about 35-200 MPa; and
(iii) a peak stress 2.5 to 10 MPa.
22. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits one or more of the characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a range of tensile strength of about 4 to 16 MPa;
(ii) a modulus of elasticity of about 35-200 MPa; and
(iii) a peak stress 2.5 to 10 MPa.
23. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits a range of tensile strength of about 4 to 16 MPa.
24. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits a modulus of elasticity of about 35-200 MPa.
25. A method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer sheet of the ligament and tendon repair device exhibits a peak stress 2.5 to 10 MPa.
26. A method of claim 5 , wherein the biopolymer fibers are generated by electrospinning.
27. A method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is PDLA.
28. A method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is PDLLA.
29. A method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-acceptable polymer is PLGA.