Composite panel
A composite panel for use in applications such as mobile homes, boats, busses, RVs, or other panels used typically in transportation applications, where a single piece, water resistant, lightweight panel with patterned high-strength areas is needed. The composite panel generally includes internal preforms made of low-density material such as urethane foam, which create patterned structural portions of the panel during the molding process. The patterned structural portions are formed by a maze-like region within a mold, into which composite matrix material is infused. The patterned structural portions have high strength compared to the other regions of the panel, and can be used for structural support or for retaining fasteners for appliances, walls, etc.
1. A composite panel, comprising:
a first internal preform comprising a first preform side, a second preform side, and a perimeter, the first internal preform positioned within the panel between a first panel surface and a second panel surface, wherein the first internal preform is spaced apart from the first panel surface or the second panel surface;
wherein the first preform side of the first internal preform faces the first panel surface;
wherein the second preform side of the first internal preform faces the second panel surface;
a first layer portion adjacent the first preform side of the first internal preform;
a second layer portion adjacent the second preform side of the first internal preform; and
a patterned structural portion surrounding the first internal preform on at least three sides or directions, wherein the structural portion is adapted to receive a plurality of fasteners or to provide structural support;
wherein the first layer portion, the second layer portion, and the patterned structural portion are comprised of a cured composite matrix material, wherein a density of the cured composite matrix material is greater than a density of the first internal preform.
2. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the structural portion substantially surrounds the first internal preform on at least four sides or directions.
3. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the patterned structural portion, the first layer portion, and the second layer portion substantially surround the first internal preform on at least six sides or directions.
4. The composite panel of claim 1 , further comprising a first reinforcing layer proximate the first panel surface and a second reinforcing layer proximate the second panel surface.
5. The composite panel of claim 1 , further comprising a gel coat layer over the first panel surface.
6. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the first panel surface and the second panel surface are substantially coplanar.
7. The composite panel of claim 6 , wherein the first internal preform comprises two surfaces that are substantially coplanar with the first panel surface and the second panel surface.
8. The composite panel of claim 7 , further comprising a plurality of spacers positioned between the internal preform and the first panel surface and between the internal preform and the second panel surface.
9. The composite panel of claim 8 , further comprising a reinforcing element between the first panel surface and the second panel surface, wherein the reinforcing element is substantially surrounded by the patterned structural portion in at least one plane.
10. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the first internal preform comprises a plurality of channels adapted to allow uncured composite matrix material to flow from a first side of the internal preform to a second side of the internal preform.
11. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the first internal preform comprises a plurality of internal preforms.
12. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the cured composite matrix material comprises microspheres.
13. A method of making a composite panel according to claim 1 in a mold, comprising:
providing a mold bottom;
providing a mold top;
positioning a mold body on the mold bottom;
positioning a first reinforcing layer on the mold bottom;
positioning a first spacer on the reinforcing material to support an internal preform and to space the internal preform apart from the mold bottom;
placing the internal preform on the first spacer in a position to create a patterned structural portion comprising void areas in the mold;
positioning a second reinforcing layer between the internal preform and the mold top;
installing the mold top on the mold body;
filling the mold with a composite matrix material, wherein the composite matrix material flows around the internal preform and the first spacer and substantially fills the void areas in the mold; and
allowing the composite matrix material to cure, forming a patterned structural region around the internal preform.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising positioning a second spacer between the internal preform and the second reinforcing layer.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first spacer comprises a plurality of spacers.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first spacer comprises the same composite matrix material that is used to fill the mold.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
positioning a reinforcing element having a first thickness within the void areas in the mold.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein filling the mold comprises pumping composite matrix material into the mold under pressure.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein filling the mold further comprises creating a vacuum within the mold.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composite matrix material comprises microspheres.