Battery electrode coatings applied by waterborne electrodeposition

1. An electrodepositable coating composition comprising:

(a) a fluoropolymer;

(b) an electrochemically active material and/or electrically conductive agent;

(c) a pH-dependent rheology modifier; and

(d) an aqueous medium comprising water;

wherein water is present in an amount of at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrodepositable coating composition,

wherein the electrodepositable coating composition has a solids content of no more than 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrodepositable coating composition.

2. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a (co)polymer comprising the residue of vinylidene fluoride.

3. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a (co)polymer comprising the residue of tetrafluoroethylene.

4. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active material comprises LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiFeCoPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li(NiMnCo)O 2 , Li(NiCoAl)O 2 , carbon-coated LiFePO 4 , or a combination thereof.

5. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active material comprises sulfur, LiO 2 , FeF 2 and FeF 3 , Si, aluminum, tin, SnCo, Fe 3 O 4 , or combinations thereof.

6. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active material comprises graphite, lithium titanate, lithium vanadium phosphate, silicon, silicon compounds, tin, tin compounds, sulfur, sulfur compounds, lithium metal, graphene, or a combination thereof.

7. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH-dependent rheology modifier comprises an alkali-swellable rheology modifier.

8. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 7 , wherein a composition of water and the alkali-swellable rheology modifier at 4.25% by weight of the total composition of water and the alkali-swellable rheology modifier has an increase in viscosity of at least 500 cps over an increase in pH value of 1 pH unit, as measured using a Brookfield viscometer using a #4 spindle and operated at 20 RPMs.

9. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH-dependent rheology modifier comprises an acid-swellable rheology modifier.

10. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , further comprising a dispersant.

11. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10 , wherein the dispersant comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer dispersant.

12. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10 , further comprising a crosslinking agent.

13. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 11 , wherein the electrically conductive agent comprises conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, carbon fibers, fullerenes, and combinations thereof.

14. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrodepositable coating composition comprises:

(a) 0.1% to 10% by weight of the fluoropolymer;

(b) 45% to 99% by weight of the electrochemically active material;

(c) 0.1% to 10% by weight of the pH-dependent rheology modifier; and

(d) optionally 0.5% to 20% by weight of the electrically conductive agent; the % by weight based on the total solids weight of the electrodepositable composition.

15. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the VOC of the electrodepositable coating composition is no more than 300 g/L.

16. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrodepositable coating composition is substantially free of fugitive adhesion promoter.

17. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein a coating produced by electrodepositing the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 to a substrate has a 90° peel strength at least 20% greater than a comparative coating composition that does not include the pH-dependent rheology modifier, the 90° peel strength measured according to PEEL STRENGTH TEST METHOD.

18. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 , wherein a coating produced by electrodepositing the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 to a substrate has a 90° peel strength of at least 5 N/m, as measured according to PEEL STRENGTH TEST METHOD.

19. A method of coating a substrate, the method comprising:

electrocoating the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 onto a substrate.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the method has a mass deposition rate of the electrodepositable coating composition of at least 0.5 mg/cm 2 /s.