Methods and systems for forming mixtures of lead oxide and lead metal particles
According to one or more embodiments presently described, a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles may be formed by a method that includes forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material, introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, and contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles. The molten metal lead material may be introduced to the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized molten particles. The weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles may be less than 99:1.
1. A method for forming a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles, the method comprising:
forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material;
introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle in a laminar flow or through a nozzle as atomized molten particles; and
contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles, wherein the weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles is less than 99:1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone has a temperature of from 621° F. to 880° F.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the majority by weight of solid lead oxide particles comprise alpha lead oxide having a tetragonal crystal structure.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles is from 50:50 to 90:10.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced into the reaction zone in a hollow conical laminar spray.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein formed solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles are suitable for use in a lead acid battery.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 99 wt. % of solid lead oxide particles comprise alpha lead oxide having a tetragonal crystal structure.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone comprises an agitator.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal lead material is not introduced into the reaction zone through a pipe.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal lead material is not introduced into the reaction zone through a trough, dam, or lip.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle in a laminar flow.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle as atomized molten particles.
13. A method for forming a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles, the method comprising:
forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material;
introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle in a laminar flow or through a nozzle as atomized molten particles;
contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles, wherein the solid lead oxide particles comprise a majority by weight alpha lead oxide having a tetragonal crystal structure.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reaction zone has a temperature of from 621° F. to 880° F.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles is from 50:50 to 90:10.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced into the reaction zone in a hollow conical laminar spray.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein formed solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles are suitable for use in a lead acid battery.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the oxidizing gas is air, oxygen, or combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle in a laminar flow.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the molten metal lead material is introduced to the reaction zone through a nozzle as atomized molten particles.