Synergistic tumor treatment with an extended pharmacokinetic IL-2 and integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein
The present invention provides a method of treating cancer with a combination of IL-2 and an integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein. The methods of the invention can be applied to a broad range of cancer types.
1. A method for treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an extended pharmacokinetic (PK) interleukin (IL)-2 and an integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein, wherein the integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein comprises (i) an integrin-binding polypeptide comprising an integrin-binding loop and a knottin polypeptide scaffold; and (ii) an immunoglobulin Fc domain, wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide is operably linked to the Fc domain.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extended-PK IL-2 comprises a fusion protein.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fusion protein comprises an IL-2 moiety and a moiety selected from the group consisting of an immunoglobulin fragment, human serum albumin, and Fn3.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fusion protein comprises an IL-2 moiety operably linked to an immunoglobulin Fc domain.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fusion protein comprises an IL-2 moiety operably linked to human serum albumin.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extended-PK IL-2 comprises an IL-2 moiety conjugated to a non-protein polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the non-protein polymer is a polyethylene glycol.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide binds to a tumor-associated integrin selected from the group consisting of α v β 3 , α v β 5 , and α 5 β 1 , or combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide binds to α v β 3 , α v β 5 , and α 5 β 1 .
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the knottin polypeptide scaffold comprises at least three cysteine disulfide linkages or crosslinked cysteine residues, and wherein the integrin-binding loop is adjacent to cysteine residues of the knottin polypeptide scaffold.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the integrin-binding loop comprises an RGD peptide sequence.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the knottin polypeptide scaffold is derived from a knottin protein selected from the group consisting of EETI-II, AgRP, and agatoxin.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the knottin protein is EETI-II.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding loop comprises an RGD peptide sequence and the knottin polypeptide scaffold is derived from EETI-II.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the knottin polypeptide scaffold is derived from EETI-II and the integrin-binding loop comprises the sequence X 1 X 2 X 3 RGDX 7 X 8 X 9 X 10 X 11 , wherein each X represents any amino acid, wherein the loop is inserted between 2 cysteine residues in the EETI-II sequence and replaces the native EETI-II sequence.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the integrin-binding loop is inserted after the first cysteine in the native EETI-II sequence.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42 or 43, wherein X 1 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, F, Y, S, H, D, and N; X 2 is selected from the group consisting of G, V, L, P, R, E, and Q; X 3 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, and P; X 7 is selected from the group consisting of W and N; X 8 is selected from the group consisting of A, P, and S; X 9 is selected from the group consisting of P and R; X 10 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, S, T, and E; and X 11 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, W, S, T, K, and E.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 67-133.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94 or 96.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Fc domain is a human IgG1 Fc domain.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide is operably linked with or without a linker to the Fc domain.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide is operably linked to the N-terminus of the Fc domain.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide is operably linked to the C-terminus of the Fc domain.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, 49, 50, or 51.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extended-PK IL-2 and the integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein are administered simultaneously or sequentially.
26. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering an immune checkpoint blocker.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the immune checkpoint blocker is an antibody or antibody fragment targeting a protein selected from the group consisting of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, and a member of the B7 family.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the immune checkpoint blocker is an antibody or antibody fragment targeting PD-1.
29. The method of claim 27 , wherein the immune checkpoint blocker is an antibody or antibody fragment targeting CTLA4.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of melanoma, leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, and brain cancer.
31. A method for inhibiting growth and/or proliferation of tumor cells in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an extended-pharmacokinetic (PK) interleukin (IL)-2, and an integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein, wherein the integrin-binding-Fc fusion protein comprises (i) an integrin-binding polypeptide comprising an integrin-binding loop and a knottin polypeptide scaffold; and (ii) an immunoglobulin Fc domain, wherein the integrin-binding polypeptide is operably linked to the Fc domain.