Apparatuses, systems, and methods for actuating a contact surface

1. An apparatus comprising:

a plurality of actuator chambers, wherein each actuator chamber comprises:

a flexible material layer that is configured to contain a volume of fluid such that changing the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber causes the actuator chamber to distort at least along an actuation axis; and

an inlet that enables an external control system to change the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber;

a contact surface that is coupled to each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers; and

a support framework that is coupled to the plurality of actuator chambers such that:

the plurality of actuator chambers is disposed between the support framework and the contact surface; and

distortion of actuator chambers in the plurality of actuator chambers causes the plurality of actuator chambers to exert forces on the contact surface, thereby causing movement of the contact surface with at least two degrees of freedom; and

a support structure that is configured to secure the apparatus to a user's finger such that the contact surface maintains physical contact with a user's finger.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of actuator chambers comprises a plurality of bellows-configuration actuator chambers, wherein distortion of a bellows-configuration actuator chamber causes the bellows-configuration actuator chamber to exert a force along the actuation axis of the bellows-configuration actuator chamber.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of actuator chambers comprises a plurality of zig-zag configuration actuator chambers, wherein each zig-zag configuration actuator chamber comprises rigid segments alternating with flexible corner segments such that increasing the volume of fluid enclosed by the zig-zag configuration actuator chamber causes the flexible corner segments to distort, thereby separating the rigid segments and applying a force along the actuation axis of the zig-zag configuration actuator chamber.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers lies along a single plane, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with two degrees of freedom.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is angled towards an outer surface of the contact surface, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with three degrees of freedom.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is offset from the center of the contact surface such that distortion of the plurality of actuator chambers effects a rotational force upon the contact surface.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of actuator chambers comprises serial actuator chambers that each comprise at least two independent interior chambers that each comprise an independent inlet, thereby enabling each independent interior chamber to contain an independent volume of fluid.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises a gas.

9. A system comprising:

a plurality of haptic feedback apparatuses, wherein each haptic feedback apparatus comprises:

a plurality of actuator chambers, wherein each actuator chamber comprises:

a flexible material layer that is configured to contain a volume of fluid such that changing the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber causes the actuator chamber to distort at least along an actuation axis; and

an inlet that enables an external control system to change the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber;

a contact surface that is coupled to each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers; and

a support framework that is coupled to the plurality of actuator chambers such that:

the plurality of actuator chambers is disposed between the support framework and the contact surface; and

distortion of actuator chambers in the plurality of actuator chambers causes the plurality of actuator chambers to exert forces on the contact surface, thereby causing movement of the contact surface with at least two degrees of freedom; and

a flexible support component that is configured to fit over a user's hand and hold the contact surface of each haptic feedback apparatus in physical contact with a corresponding portion of the user's hand.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of actuator chambers comprises a plurality of bellows-configuration actuator chambers, wherein distortion of a bellows-configuration actuator chamber causes the bellows-configuration actuator chamber to exert a force along the actuation axis of the bellows-configuration actuator chamber.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers lies along a single plane, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with two degrees of freedom.

12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is angled towards an outer surface of the contact surface, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with three degrees of freedom.

13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is offset from the center of the contact surface such that distortion of the plurality of actuator chambers effects a rotational force upon the contact surface.

14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of actuator chambers comprises serial actuator chambers that each comprise at least two independent interior chambers that each comprise an independent inlet, thereby enabling each independent interior chamber to contain an independent volume of fluid.

15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the fluid comprises a gas.

16. A method comprising:

altering an internal pressure of an actuation chamber within a plurality of actuator chambers, wherein:

each actuator chamber comprises:

a flexible material layer that is configured to contain a volume of fluid such that changing the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber causes the actuator chamber to distort at least along an actuation axis; and

an inlet that enables an external control system to change the volume of fluid contained within the actuator chamber;

each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is disposed between and coupled to both a support framework and a contact surface; and

the support framework is configured to hold the contact surface in physical contact with a user's finger; and

by altering the internal pressure of the actuation chamber, distorting the actuation chamber, thereby causing the actuation chamber to exert a force on the contact surface along the actuation axis of the actuation chamber and causing movement of the contact surface with at least two degrees of freedom.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers lies along a single plane, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with two degrees of freedom.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is angled towards an outer surface of the contact surface, thereby enabling the plurality of actuation chambers to move the contact surface with three degrees of freedom.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the actuation axis of each actuator chamber in the plurality of actuator chambers is offset from the center of the contact surface such that distortion of the plurality of actuator chambers effects a rotational force upon the contact surface.